Failure Rate in Spinal Blocks and Determination of Related Factors

Failure Rate in Spinal Blocks and Determination of Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional, Prospective, Observational Study

Investigators aimed to determine the rates of unsuccessful spinal anesthesia, to determine the factors related to failure and to determine the measures that may be taken to reduce this problem.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anesthesia, Spinal

Detailed Description

The study is as a cross-sectional, prospective, observational. After institutional review board approval and informed written consent, all patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing spinal anesthesia in the Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital Operating Room will be included in the study. The specialist and assistant physician in charge of spinal anesthesia management of patients will undertake their own routine anesthesia management and the researcher will not be involved in any way. Patients who underwent combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and patients without consent were excluded. The primary aim of the study was to determine the rate of unsuccessful spinal anesthesia (total failure and partial failure) and to determine the factors that may be associated with these. Total failure was described as failure of localization of subarachnoid space with lumbar puncture; no motor and / or sensory block occurring within 10 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space; repeated spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia. Partial failure was described as the need for anesthetic agents such as ketamine, propofol or opioid for the intraoperative pain relief, except for the use of midazolam and fentanyl in order to increase the patient's comfort.The secondary aim of the study was to determine the first attempt success and related factors. The first attempt success was described as identification or subarachnoid space at the first attempt.

Parameters to be recorded during the study are: age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) status, type of surgery, elective / emergency surgery, patient's body type, spinal anatomy, position of the patient and the practitioner during spinal intervention, the technique applied (median /paramedian), the level of puncture, the type of spinal needle, the direction of the spinal needle notch, the number of spinal puncture, the nature of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (clear/haemorrhagic), whether or not aspiration is performed, whether or not free CSF is controlled before or after drug injection, whether the practitioner is an expert or assistant, the assistant is seniority year, the type of local anesthetic, if the adjuvant drug is added to the local anesthetic, the dose of anesthetic, the loss of drug during injection of local anesthesia, position of the patient after injection, duration of surgery, testing of motor and sensory block, what is done in case of unsuccessful spinal anesthesia, examination of sacral dermatomes prior to second spinal anesthesia intervention will be recorded. Parameters will be recorded by Anesthesia Specialist, Anesthesia Assistant or Anesthesia Technician. At the end of the case, the registration form will be left at the designated place in the Anesthesia Clinic room.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1431

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • İzmir, Turkey
    • Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

All patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing spinal anesthesia in the Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital Operating Room will be included in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged ≥ 18 years who are undergoing spinal anesthesia in Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital during study period.
2. American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status classification (ASA) I-IV.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who are undergoing combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Determination of Total Failure	1. Failure of localization of subarachnoid space with lumbar puncture and conversion from spinal anesthesia to general anesthesia	During spinal punction procedure
Determination of Total Failure	2. No motor block (Bromage Scale = 0) occurring within 10 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space and performing spinal anesthesia for the second time or conversion from spinal anesthesia to general anesthesia. Motor block will be determined by Bromage scale. Bromage Scale: 0 = ability to lift an extended knee at the hip; 1 = ability to flex the knee but not to lift an extended leg; 2 = ability to flex toes only; 3 = inability to move.	At 10 min after spinal anesthetic injection
Determination of Total Failure	No sensory block (Pinprick Test = 0) occurring within 10 minutes after the injection of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space and performing spinal anesthesia for the second time or conversion from spinal anesthesia to general anesthesia. Sensory block will be determined by Pinprick test. Pinprick Test: Sensory 0 = an ability to appreciate a pinprick as sharp; 1 = perception of a pinprick as less sharp than in unblocked areas; 2 = perception of a pinprick as touch but not sharp (analgesia); 3 = an inability to feel pinprick (anesthesia).	At 10 min after spinal anesthetic injection
Determination of Partial Failure	After complete spinal anesthesia, the need for intravenous anesthetic agents such as ketamine, propofol, opioid or general anesthesia in the intraoperative period for pain relief when a patient complained of moderate to severe pain or had a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of > 3 out of 10 from the surgical site. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): 0 = No pain - 10 = Worst imaginable pain.	From the spinal anesthetic injection to end of the surgery.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The first attempt success	Identification of subarachnoid space at first spinal puncture.	Before the spinal anesthetic injection

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Aysun Afife Kar, Uz. Dr., Aysun Afife Kar

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): May 10, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 10, 2020
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): May 10, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 16, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 21, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): May 22, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 25, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 24, 2022
• Last Verified: October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: unsuccessful spinal anesthesia
• Other Study ID Numbers: Failure of Spinal Anesthesia

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No