Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics , Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacodynamics of Biocon Insulin Tregopil

An Open Label, Multiple Ascending Dose Trial in Patients With T1DM to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Tregopil and to Evaluate the Postprandial Glucose Control With Different Meal Types in Comparison With Insulin Aspart

Multi-centre, open label, multiple ascending dose trial in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Tregopil

Detailed Description

This is a Phase 1, open-label, multiple dose trial with two parts in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Part 1 consists of four cohorts with multiple ascending doses of insulin Tregopil and comprises a sentinel dosing design. Part 2 consists of a randomised, 2-treatment, crossover design with mixed meal tests (MMTs) of different compositions followed by parallel design titrated treatment period. Both parts include dosing during an in-house period and during a subsequent outpatient period.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 55
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Germany
  • Mainz, Germany
    • Profil Mainz GmbH & Co. KG Malakoff-Passage,Rheinstraße 4C D-55116

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 62 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria (key criteria):

1. Male or female patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 on insulin therapy for at least 1 year before screening
2. Age between 18 and 64 years, both inclusive.
3. Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.0 kg/m2, both inclusive.
4. Body weight between 60 kg and 100 kg, both inclusive and a stable weight +/- 5% for at least 3 months prior to screening (evaluated by patient history or medical history documents).
5. Beta-N-1-deoxy fructosyl haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 6.5 to 9%, both inclusive.
6. Total insulin dose of < 1.2 (I)U/kg/day.
7. Daily dose of prandial insulin analogues or regular human insulin not exceeding 70% of total daily insulin dose at screening.
8. Fasting C-peptide <= 0.20 nmol/L.
9. Daily dose of prandial insulin analogues or regular human insulin of at least 21 (I)U per day at screening.
10. Stable basal-bolus insulin regimen for at least 3 months prior to screening (stable as per Investigator's discretion).
11. Patients with experience in insulin titration and self-treatment of hypoglycemic events.
12. Considered generally healthy (apart from conditions associated with T1DM) upon completion of medical history and screening safety assessments including safety lab results, as judged by the Investigator.

Exclusion Criteria(key criteria):

1. Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the last 3 months prior to screening.
2. History of multiple and/or severe allergies to drugs or foods or a history of severe anaphylactic reaction.
3. History of autoimmune disorders other than T1DM as judged clinically relevant by the Investigator (obtained by patient history), except a stable thyroid disorder treated with a stable dose of thyroxin.
4. Hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis during the previous 6 months.
5. More than one episode of severe hypoglycemia (as per American Diabetes Association classification) with seizure, coma or requiring assistance of another person during the past 6 months.
6. Hypoglycemic unawareness (defined as individuals with a score of 3 or more [reduced awareness and intermediate awareness] as assessed by the Clarke score).
7. Presence of clinically significant acute gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhea) within 2 weeks prior to dosing, as judged by the investigator.
8. Presence of chronic GI disorders or conditions known to significantly alter the absorption of orally administered drugs or significantly alter upper GI or pancreatic function, as judged by the Investigator.
9. Patient with previous gastrointestinal surgery, except patients that underwent uncomplicated surgical procedures such as appendectomy, hernia surgery, biopsies, as wells as colonic- and gastric endoscopy.
10. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists within the last 12 weeks prior to screening visit.
11. The use of any prescribed medication that would interfere with trial endpoints or the safe completion of the trial procedures like e.g. warfarin, indomethacin or systemic non-selective ß-blocker, as judged by the investigator.
12. Any clinically significant abnormality in ECG or safety laboratory tests (liver function, renal function, hematology, urinalysis or any other laboratory result judged as clinically relevant by the investigator) at screening.
13. Clinically significant cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular disease within 12 months before Screening, as judged by the Investigator.
14. Active proliferative retinopathy as confirmed by ophthalmoscopy / retinal photography examination performed (by a qualified person as per local legislation) within 6 months prior to screening.

15. Renal impairment with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 60 mL

    • min/1.73m2 as defined by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI).
16. History of severe form of neuropathy or clinically significant cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).
17. Patients who needed systemic (oral, intravenous, intramuscular) glucocorticoid therapy within 4 weeks prior to the screening visit OR expected of requiring during the study period.
18. Patients who have undergone pancreatectomy or pancreas/islet cell transplant or had any significant pancreatic disease that affects safety of the patient.
19. Inability or unwillingness to refrain from smoking and use of nicotine substitute products one day before and during the study.
20. Patients refusing/not capable to consume three major meals per day on routine basis.
21. If female, pregnancy or breast-feeding.
22. Women of childbearing potential who are not using a highly effective contraceptive method.
23. Men with non-pregnant partner(s) of childbearing potential not willing to use male contraception (condom) in addition to a highly effective contraceptive method until one month after last dosing.
24. Men of childbearing potential not willing to refrain from sperm donation for the duration of the study and for one month following last dose of study drug.
25. Men with pregnant partner not willing to use male contraception (condom) until one month after last dosing, in order to avoid exposure of the embryo/foetus to seminal fluid.
26. Patients unwilling to avoid heavy machinery work, driving within specified post dose interval during the study treatment period

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Tregopil 30 mg; Dose level cohort with a sentinel dosing design	Drug: Tregopil; Insulin Tregopil is recombinant human insulin modified by a single amphiphilic oligomer covalently linked via an amide bond to lysine at position 29 of the B-chain. This alters the physicochemical characteristics of the molecule, leading to enhanced stability and resistance to intestinal degradation following oral administration.; Other Names: IN-105
Active Comparator: Tregopil 45 mg; Dose level cohort with a sentinel dosing design	Drug: Tregopil; Insulin Tregopil is recombinant human insulin modified by a single amphiphilic oligomer covalently linked via an amide bond to lysine at position 29 of the B-chain. This alters the physicochemical characteristics of the molecule, leading to enhanced stability and resistance to intestinal degradation following oral administration.; Other Names: IN-105
Active Comparator: Tregopil 60 mg; Dose level cohort with a sentinel dosing design	Drug: Tregopil; Insulin Tregopil is recombinant human insulin modified by a single amphiphilic oligomer covalently linked via an amide bond to lysine at position 29 of the B-chain. This alters the physicochemical characteristics of the molecule, leading to enhanced stability and resistance to intestinal degradation following oral administration.; Other Names: IN-105
Active Comparator: Derived Dose level; Derived Dose level cohort with a sentinel dosing design (60 mg fixed preprandial dose plus an additional 30 mg postprandial rescue dose, if required)	Drug: Tregopil; Insulin Tregopil is recombinant human insulin modified by a single amphiphilic oligomer covalently linked via an amide bond to lysine at position 29 of the B-chain. This alters the physicochemical characteristics of the molecule, leading to enhanced stability and resistance to intestinal degradation following oral administration.; Other Names: IN-105

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Adverse events (AEs)	Number of patients with Adverse Events (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Laboratory safety parameters	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Laboratory safety parameters (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Physical examination	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Physical examination (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Vital signs, clinically	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Vital signs (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Hypoglycaemic events	Number of patients with Hypoglycaemia events (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Hyperglycaemia events	Number of patients with Hyperglycaemia events (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of study ( up to Day 6)
Electrocardiograms	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Electrocardiogram (ECG) (Part I)	Between screening (up to Day -21) and End of Treatment ( up to Day 6)
Adverse events (AEs)	Number of patients with Adverse Events (Part II)	Day of screening to Day 20 (Diary) and During follow up Via (Telephone)
Hypoglycaemic events	Number of patients with Hypoglycaemia events (Part II)	Day of screening to Day 20 (Diary) and During follow up Via (Telephone)
Hyperglycaemia events	Number of patients with Hyperglycaemia events (Part II)	Day of Run-in to Day 20 (Diary) and During follow up Via (Telephone)
Laboratory safety parameters	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Laboratory safety parameters (Part II)	Day of screening and Day 20
Physical examination	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Physical examination (Part II)	Day of screening, Dosing day 1 and Day 20
Vital signs	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Vital signs (Part II)	Day of screening, Day1-6 and Day 20)
Electrocardiograms	Number of patients with clinically significant changes in Electrocardiogram (ECG) (Part II)	Day of screening and Day 20
Anti-insulin Tregopil antibodies	Change in antibody levels (Part II)	Day -1 and Day 20

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pharmacokinetics (PK) endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	Area under the insulin concentration curve (Part I)	0 to 1 hour
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	Area under the insulin concentration curve (Part 1)	0 to 2 hour
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	Area under the insulin concentration curve (Part I)	0 to 3 hour
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	Area under the insulin concentration curve (Part I)	0 to 4 hour
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	Area under from time zero to the last measurable concentration sampling time (Part I)	Time zero to the last measurable concentration (6 hours)
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve(AUCins).	AUC from time zero to infinity (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
PK endpoint-time to maximum observed insulin concentration (tmax)	Time to maximum observed insulin concentration (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
PK endpoint-terminal elimination half-life calculated	Terminal elimination half-life calculated as t½=ln2/ λz (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
PK endpoint-Area under the insulin concentration curve in the intended dosing interval (AUCins)	Area under the insulin concentration curve in the intended dosing interval (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
PK endpoint-Insulin concentration at the end of treatment (Ctrough)	Insulin concentration at the end of treatment (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
PK endpoint-Insulin concentration in plasma, tlag (lag time)	Time to first appearance of insulin concentration in plasma after dosing (Part I)	Day 1, Day 2, Day 6
pharmacodynamics (PD) Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals on Day 1, 2 and 6 mixed meal tests	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-1 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-2 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-3 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	-10 min-6 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-6 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-1 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-2 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-3 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-4 hour
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals	Area under the plasma glucose concentration curve in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-6 hour
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-1 hour
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-2 hour
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-3 hour
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-4 hour
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-6 hour
PD Endpoints-maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-2 hour
PD Endpoints-maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-4 hour
PD Endpoints-maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals	Maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Part I)	0-6 hour
PD Endpoints-maximal plasma glucose observed sampling period	maximal plasma glucose observed sampling period (Part I)	-10 min-6 hour
PD Endpoints- ΔGmin minimum postprandial plasma glucose increment, absolute and percent	Minimum postprandial plasma glucose increment, absolute and percent (Part I)	0-6 hour
PD Endpoints- time to onset of action; time to decrease in PG of 5 mg/dL from baseline	Onset of action; time to decrease in PG of 5 mg/dL from baseline (Part I)	0 hour
Duration of action;	time from onset of action to increase in PG ≥ 180 mg/dL post meal or time to increase to baseline PG if baseline > 180 mg/dL (Part I)	0- 6 hour
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profile	daily glycaemic control assessed d by mean (SD) glucose levels, percentage of time in normal range [70-180 mg/dL], percentage of time in hyperglycaemia range [>180 mg/dL], percentage of time in hypoglycaemic range (<70 mg/dL), percentage of readings in the range of 70-180 mg/dL (3.9- 10.0 mmol/L) per unit of time (Part I)	6 days
PK Endpoints- Maximum concentration recorded ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Maximum concentration recorded (Cmax) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	0-1 hours
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	0-2 hours
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (aspart) (AUC) (Part II)	0-6 hours
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	0-last
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	0-∞
PK Endpoints- terminal elimination half-life calculated ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Terminal elimination half-life calculated as t½=ln2/ λz (Part II)	Day 1, Day 2,Day 3,Day 4, Day5, Day 6, Day 20
PK endpoint-time to maximum observed insulin concentration (tmax) ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Time to maximum observed insulin concentration (Part II)	Day 1, Day 2,Day 3,Day 4, Day5, Day 6, Day 20
PK Endpoints-Area under the insulin concentration curve ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the insulin concentration curve (AUC) (Part II)	Day 1, Day 2,Day 3,Day 4, Day5, Day 6, Day 20
PK endpoint-Insulin concentration at the end of treatment ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Insulin concentration at the end of treatment (Ctrough) (Part II)	Day 1, Day 2,Day 3,Day 4, Day5, Day 6, Day 20
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GExc) (Part II)	0-1 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GExc) (Part II)	0-2 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GExc) (Part II)	0-3 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GExc) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GExc) (Part II)	0-6 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GAUC) (Part II)	0-1 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GAUC) (Part II)	0-3 hours
PD Endpoints-Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Area under the plasma glucose concentration excursion from baseline (pre-meal) in the indicated time intervals (GAUC) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Gmin) (Part II)	0-1 hours
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6,20)	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Gmin) (Part II)	0-3 hours
PD Endpoints-minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Minimum plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Gmin) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PD Endpoints-maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	Maximal plasma glucose concentration in the indicated time intervals (Gmax) (Part II)	0-4 hours
PD Endpoints -minimal PG concentration in observed sampling period ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	minimal PG concentration in observed sampling period (Part II)	0 - 6 hours
PD Endpoints - maximal PG concentration in observed sampling period ( Day 1, 2,3,4,5,6, 20)	maximal PG concentration in observed sampling period (Part II)	0 - 6 hours
PD Endpoints - CGM profile	CGM profile	Day 1 to 20

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Biocon Limited
• Collaborators: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Ulrike Hövelmann, MD, Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH Hellersbergstraße 9 (Acting as Coordinating Investigator); Principal Investigator: Leona Plum Mörschel, MD, Profil Institut für Stoffwechselforschung GmbH Hellersbergstraße 9

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 28, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 23, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): April 23, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 16, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 28, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 27, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 22, 2022
• Last Verified: June 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Oral Insulin
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
• Other Study ID Numbers: TREGO-DM1-01-G-02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No