Cervical Cancer Prevention for Black Adults

July 29, 2026 updated by: Adebola Adegboyega

Promoting Cervical Cancer Screening Among African American and Sub Saharan African Immigrants

The goal of this study is to develop and pilot test an intervention, entitled Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program, designed to promote screening and reduce perceived barriers to Cervical Cancer (CC) screening.

Aim 1: Examine general awareness and cultural factors (fatalism, religiosity/spirituality, temporal orientation, medical mistrust, and acculturation) related to cancer control and prevention among African Americans (AA) and Sub Saharan African (SAI) Immigrants.

Aim 2: Examine the socioecological barriers and facilitators to CC screening and self-sampling to inform tailoring of an evidenced based cervical health program to promote CC screening.

Aim 3: Assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in a pilot test of the Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program among 30 AA and 30 SAI women using quasi-experimental design.

This study will take place in 2 phases.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

In phase 1, the investigators will conduct a cross-sectional survey with 150 Black men and women to examine factors impacting cervical cancer screening. Also, as part of phase 1, Aim 2 employs focus groups and a quantitative Health Belief Model checklist with 30 participants to guide development of a tailored intervention. In phase 2, Aim 3 will assess feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program intervention among 30 African American and 30 Sub-Saharan African immigrant women.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

288

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Kentucky
      • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536
        • University Of Kentucky

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

30 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Self-identify as Black woman (African American or Sub-Saharan African Immigrant)
  • No pap smear within the last three years or no pap smear/HPV co-test within past five years
  • Able to speak and write in English
  • Reside in Kentucky

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Do not self-identify as Black woman (African American or Sub-Saharan African Immigrant)
  • History of hysterectomy
  • History of cervical cancer
  • Being pregnant
  • Unable to speak and write in English
  • Do not reside in Kentucky

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Screening
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Black women cervical cancer screening
Participants in this group with receive the Health is Wealth intervention.
Behavioral: Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program
Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program will be introduced in a one-time 2-hour educational session, participants will be given HPV self-sampling kits, and instructional sheet that visually depicts the steps for self-sampling. The program will be culturally tailored to increase self-efficacy and knowledge while simultaneously addressing perceived health beliefs associated with cervical cancer and barriers associated with cervical cancer screening and HPV self-sampling. Content will be delivered in a group format (about 10-15 participants) by lecture, demonstration, and interactive exercises.
Other: Phase 1 survey
Cross-sectional survey with Black men and women to examine factors impacting cervical cancer screening.
Behavioral: Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program
Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program will be introduced in a one-time 2-hour educational session, participants will be given HPV self-sampling kits, and instructional sheet that visually depicts the steps for self-sampling. The program will be culturally tailored to increase self-efficacy and knowledge while simultaneously addressing perceived health beliefs associated with cervical cancer and barriers associated with cervical cancer screening and HPV self-sampling. Content will be delivered in a group format (about 10-15 participants) by lecture, demonstration, and interactive exercises.
Other: Phase 1 focus group
Quantitative Health Belief Model checklist with 30 participants to guide development of a tailored intervention.
Behavioral: Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program
Health is Wealth: A Cervical Health Program will be introduced in a one-time 2-hour educational session, participants will be given HPV self-sampling kits, and instructional sheet that visually depicts the steps for self-sampling. The program will be culturally tailored to increase self-efficacy and knowledge while simultaneously addressing perceived health beliefs associated with cervical cancer and barriers associated with cervical cancer screening and HPV self-sampling. Content will be delivered in a group format (about 10-15 participants) by lecture, demonstration, and interactive exercises.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants That Completed HPV Self-sampling
Time Frame: Baseline
HPV self-sampling kit return
Baseline
Change in Cervical Cancer Knowledge
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Cervical cancer awareness will be assessed with Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Awareness of warning signs and risk factors will be assessed with an 11 question prompted checklist. This instrument has been found to be valid and reliable in multiple populations. Scores range from 11-55. A higher score indicates greater cervical cancer knowledge.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Knowledge
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Participants will complete 16 items assessing knowledge of HPV, 6 items about HPV testing, and 7 items about the vaccination. Response options included "True," "False," and "Don't know," with scoring allocating one point for each correct response, and zero points for incorrect or "Don't know" responses, summed across items, for a potential range of 0-29. This instrument has been found to be valid and reliable in multiple populations. A higher score indicates greater knowledge on HPV.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Self-Efficacy in Completing Pap Test
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Self-efficacy will be assessed with 10 items measured on a five-point Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 point)s, agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Score ranges from 10-50. A higher score indicates a greater perceived ability to complete steps for a pap test. This is a well validated and reliable instrument.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Perceived Barriers to Screening
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Barriers to screening will be assessed with 14 items measured on a five-point Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Scores range from 14-70. A higher score indicates a greater perceived barrier to screening.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Perceived Benefits of Pap Test
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Perceived benefits of getting a pap test will be assessed with 4 items measured on a five-point Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Scores range from 4-20. A higher scores indicates greater perceived benefits of getting a pap test.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Perceived Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Perceived susceptibility will be assessed with 4 items measured on a five-point Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Score ranges from 4-20. A higher scores indicates greater perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Perceived Seriousness to Cervical Cancer
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Perceived seriousness will be assessed with 7 items measured on a five-point Likert Style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Scores range from 7-35. A higher score indicates a greater perceived seriousness of cervical cancer.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Change in Perceived Cervical Cancer Risk Factors
Time Frame: 6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)
Perceived cervical cancer risk will be assessed with 11 items measured on a five-point Likert style scale response choices: strongly disagree (scores 1 point), disagree (scores 2 points), neutral (scores 3 points), agree (scores 4 points) and strongly agree (scores 5 points). Scores range from 11-55. A higher scores indicates a greater knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors.
6 months (Baseline, immediately post-test (up to 1 week), 6 month follow up)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Adebola Adegboyega

Collaborators

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Adebola Adegboyega, PhD, University Of Kentucky

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 10, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

June 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 8, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 14, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

June 16, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 31, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 29, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 60704
  • K01CA251487 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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