Effects of Exercise Based Manual in Sedentary Prediabetic Population

March 25, 2024 updated by: Riphah International University

Effects of Exercise Based Manual on Biochemical, Cardiorespiratory and Physical Parameters in Sedentary Prediabetic Population

The prediabetes is a state in which fasting blood glucose level ranges between 100-126mg/dl or HbA1C ranges between 5.7-6.4mmol. People with prediabetes have 74 percent chance of progression to develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, by lifestyle intervention, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus may be effectively avoided or delayed. The improvement in lifestyle is involving the physical activity of at least 150mins per week lowered the rate of T2DM in people with prediabetes by 58 percent. There are several risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but obesity and lack of physical activity are major risk factors that cause type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetic populations. Diet and exercise are the first line treatment for sedentary prediabetics. Both independent and combined effect of diet and exercise can reduce the incidence of T2DM, glycemic control and weight loss in adults with prediabetics

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The most alarming public health issues of the 21st century is epidemic of diabetes especially in lower middle-income countries. There will be a 67 percent raise in prevalence of diabetes from 2010 to 2030 .With up to half of deaths occurring in people under the age of 60 is due to diabetes as T2DM is among the top ten causes of death.According to American Diabetic Association, if Fasting blood glucose level falls between <100mg/dl or HbA1C falls between <5.7% then person has normal blood sugar level if Fasting blood glucose level falls between 100-125mg/dl or HbA1C falls between 5.7%-6.4% then person is diagnosed as prediabetic and if value of fasting blood glucose level falls between 126-200mg/dl and HbA1C more than 6.5% then person is diagnose as Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Prediabetes is a state in which the body can maintain blood glucose level but impaired insulin sensitivity is still present.Worldwide there is a 74 percent chance of progression of prediabetes into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Strategies for prevention of T2DM are highly recommended for sedentary population.There are now estimated 38 million adults living with diabetes around the world. The main cause of premature death in the world with ration of every 6 into 10 due to the effects of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

Pakistan is now in the top 10 countries with increase in the incidence of diabetes. According to WHO, around 19 million people are diagnosed with diabetes and 10 million people are diagnosed as prediabetics. An estimated 463 million adults worldwide live with diabetes and 55 million live with prediabetes. However there are some risk factors for T2DM that can be modifiable including obesity, metabolic syndrome characteristics (abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, low density lipoprotein), high blood pressure and elevated plasma glucose, insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle Exercise intervention requires repetitive body movements performed to enhance or sustain one or more physical fitness components such as aerobic ability, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of death, cardiovascular disease and increase the incidence of T2DM which is mostly recognized in young adult population.Physical exercise facilitates improved functioning of the human body. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity thus helping to avoid diabetes.Exercise training is known to increase the absorption of insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose and blood flow to limbs thus leading to reduction in glycemic control in diabetic population.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

108

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab
      • Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, 54770
        • Riphah Rehabiliation Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 44 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Serum glucose test indicating prediabetic (HbA1c level of 5.7% - 6.4% or fasting plasma glucose of 100 - 12
  • Sedentary Subjects (<150 min/week or <600 MET-min/week on IPAQ Urdu Version)

Exclusion Criteria:•

  • History of type 2 diabetes mellitus or newly diagnosed diabetes within last 6 months
  • BMI under 18.5 and more 30
  • Persons involve in other weight management program,
  • History of taking any herbal medications to control the weight
  • Clinical history of cardiovascular diseases occurred within the past six months
  • Pregnancy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental: Exercise Based Manual (Supervised)
Supervised Exercises with exercise based Manual (exercise & Educational Component) for 3 days / week for 16 weeks. Each session will comprise of 60 minutes of different type of exercises including warm up and rest interval
Other: Exercise Based Manual (Supervised)
Exercise Based Manual for Pre Diabetic subjects will consist of two components; Exercise, Exercise and Education. The exercise will be supervised while other component will be home based.
Experimental: Experimental: Exercise Based Manual (Home Based)
Experimental: Exercise Based Manual (Home Based) Home Based- Exercise Manual (Exercise & Educational Component) for 16 weeks. Subject will be asked to maintain a regular exercise.
Other: Exercise Based Manual (Home Based)
Exercise Based Manual for Pre Diabetic subjects will consist of two components; Exercise and Education. All two components will be home based.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Comparator: Control
Age matched Control Group followed for 16 weeks with General Advise to active
Other: Control
General advice to be active

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hemoglobin A1c Test (HbA1C0
Time Frame: 16 week
Hemoglobin A1c Test tells you average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months.The normal range for the hemoglobin A1c level is between 4% and 5.6% and readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 week.
16 week
Fasting blood Glucose(FBG)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
This test checks your fasting blood sugar levels. Fasting means after not having anything to eat or drink (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. Normal value will be less than 100 mg/dl and Prediabetes value 100 mg/dl to 125 mg/dl.Reading will be taken after 8 hour fasting. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 week
16 weeks
Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function(HOMA-β)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) is an index of insulin secretory function derived from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.It is calculated by using the following formula: 360 x fasting insulin (μU/mL) / (fasting glucose (mg/dL) - 63).Sample will be taken from intravenous blood sample & readings will be taken at baseline and at 16 weeks.
16 weeks
Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. Healthy Range: 1.0 (0.5-1.4).Less than 1.0 means you are insulin-sensitive which is optimal. Above 1.9 indicates early insulin resistance. sample will be taken from intravenous blood sample & readings will be taken at baseline and at 16 weeks.
16 weeks
low-density lipoproteins(LDL)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
low-density lipoproteins sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol Value Less than 100mg/dL is Optimal, value 100-129mg/dL Near optimal/above optimal,Value 130-159 mg/dL Borderline high. Reading will be taken at baseline,8th week and at 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
high-density lipoproteins( HDL)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
high-density lipoproteins sometimes called the "good" cholesterol.HDL that falls within the range of 40 to 59 mg/dL is normal. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
Triglycerides
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. Normal triglyceride levels in the blood are less than 150 mg per deciliter (mg/dL). Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
Maximal oxygen consumption( VO2max)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
the maximum or optimum rate at which the heart, lungs, and muscles can effectively use oxygen during exercise, used as a way of measuring a person's individual aerobic capacity.A good VO2 max for a male is 42.5-46.4 mL/kg/min, while a good value for a female is 33.0-36.9 mL/kg/min.Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
Rate of perceived exertion( PRE)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
The RPE scale is used to measure the intensity of your exercise. The RPE scale runs from 0 - 10. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
Baseline Dyspnea Index(BDI)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) measures the severity of dyspnea at the baseline Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
weight in kilograms
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Weight (symbolized w ) is a quantity representing the force exerted on a particle or object by an acceleration field, particularly the gravitational field of the Earth at the surface.Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
Body mass index (BMI)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. Below 18.5 is Underweight,18.5-24.9 is Normal,25.0-29.9 is Overweight, 30.0 and Above is Obese. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention.
16 weeks
waist circumference
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Waist circumference is the measurement taken around the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus (belly button). For best health, waist should be less than 40 inches around for men, and less than 35 inches for women. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention with use of inelastic measuring tape.
16 weeks
waist to hip ratio (WHR)
Time Frame: 16 weeks
Waist too hip ratio is a quick measure of fat distribution that may help indicate a person's overall health. A healthy WHR is: 0.9 or less in men. 0.85 or less for women. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention with use of inelastic measuring tape.
16 weeks
Body fat percentage
Time Frame: 16 weeks
body fat percentage as just one way to assess and monitor your weight and overall body composition.Men Women Average value for men is18%-24% and foe women is 25%-31%.Value for Obese men is 25% and higher, for obese women is 32% and higher. Readings will be taken at baseline,8th week and 16 weeks of intervention with use of body fat analyzer.
16 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Syed Shakil ur Rehman, PhD, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 15, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 25, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

November 20, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 26, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 26, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

July 2, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 26, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 25, 2024

Last Verified

March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/Lhr/21/1103 Sana Hafeez

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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