Study to Assess the Efficacy of XPro1595 in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment With Biomarkers of Inflammation

A Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study of XPro1595 in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) With Biomarkers of Inflammation

The goal of this Phase 2 MCI study is to determine whether 1.0 mg/kg XPro1595 is superior to placebo at improving measures of cognition, functioning and brain quality in individuals with MCI and biomarkers associated with neuroinflammation (APOE4) and to evaluate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of XPro1595.

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Dementia; Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); Alzheimer Disease; Tauopathies
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo; Drug: XPro1595

Detailed Description

This study is designed as a Phase 2, double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study investigating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of XPro1595 in patients with MCI. The planned dose is 1.0 mg/kg of XPro1595 and matching placebo.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Phase: Phase 2

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 55 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients are eligible to be included in the study only if all the following criteria apply:

• Adult male and female patients ≥ 55 years to ≤ 80 years of age at the time of consent;
• Diagnosed with MCI of probable Alzheimer's disease (Albert 2011; National Institute on Aging - Alzheimer's Association [NIA-AA]). Patients who have received previous therapy for Alzheimer's disease may still be eligible;
• Amyloid positive (documented in medical history or assessed during screening through blood test);
• Literate and capable of reading, writing, and communicating effectively with others, based on the PI's assessment;
• Has a study partner willing to participate for the duration of the trial who either lives in the same household or interacts with the patient at least 4 hours per day and on at least 4 days per week, who is knowledgeable about the patient's daytime and night-time behaviors and who can be available to attend all clinic visits in person at which informant assessments are performed.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have any contraindications to MRI scanning, including cardiac pacemaker/defibrillator, ferromagnetic metal implants (e.g., in-skull and cardiac devices other than those approved as safe for use in MRI scanners at the strength required for this study);
• Receives considerable help to carry out basic ADL living either in the home or as a resident in a nursing home or similar facility;
• Lifetime history of a major psychiatric disorder including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Major depressive disorder that has resulted in 2 or more hospitalizations in a lifetime. Major depressive episode during the past 5 years that is judged by the clinical team unlikely to have been part of Alzheimer's prodrome. History of suicidality: has answered "yes" to Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) suicidal ideation items 4 or 5, or any suicidal behavior within 6 months before Screening, at Screening, or at the Week 1 Visit, or has been hospitalized or treated for suicidal behavior in the past 5 years before Screening;
• History of substance abuse within 12 months; use of cannabis or cannabis products within 6 months of consent;
• Enrolled in another clinical trial where patients receive treatment with an investigational drug or treatment device or have received treatment on another AD clinical trial within the last 60 days from Day 1

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 1.0 mg/kg XPro1595; 1.0 mg/kg XPro1595 will be administered via subcutaneous injection once a week for 12 weeks.	Drug: XPro1595; XPro1595 will be delivered by subcutaneous injection once a week.; Other Names: INB03/XPro™; XENP1595; Dominant-negative Tumor Necrosis Factor (DN-TNF)
Placebo Comparator: 1.0 mg/kg Placebo; 1.0 mg/kg of Placebo will be administered via subcutaneous injection once a week for 12 weeks.	Drug: Placebo; Placebo will be delivered by subcutaneous injection once a week; Other Names: Matching Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Early and Mild Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (EMACC)	Change from Baseline to Week 12 in the Early and Mild Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (EMACC) (Jaeger 2017) made up of the following tests: International Shopping List Test- Immediate recall (Word List Learning Test-Immediate recall); Trail Making Test Part A and B; Digit Symbol Coding Test; Digit Span Forward and Backward; Category Fluency Test (DKEFS); Letter Fluency Test (DKEFS) To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on cognitive performance in patients with MCI	12 Weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Mean Computer-based Cognitive Assessment (Cogstate) Composite score from Screening to Week 12	Change from Screening to Week 12 in Cogstate Composite mean score. Cogstate is a brief, computerized, neuropsychological battery to evaluate cognitive impairments in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). CogState assesses attention and memory functions - including Information processing speed, Visual attention, Working memory and Visual learning. Cogstate scores are measured on a linear scale (with no maximum score). A reduction in scores compared to baseline signifies an improvement in cognitive functions. The Cogstate battery will be administered at Screening and each week for 12 weeks. To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on cognitive performance in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in myelin content	Change from Screening to Week 12 in myelin content.	12 Weeks
Change in blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker amyloid)	Change from Screening to Week 12 in blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker amyloid) To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker amyloid)	12 Weeks
Change in blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker pTau)	Change from Screening to Week 12 in blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker pTau) To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarkers (on blood inflammatory and neurodegeneration biomarker pTau)	12 Weeks
Change in Imaging (MRI) Neuroinflammation	Change from Screening to Week 12 in MRI neuroinflammation (White matter Free Water) To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on imaging neuroinflammation	12 Weeks
Change in imaging markers of brain quality	Change from Screening to Week 12 in regional brain glucose uptake as measured by F-fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scans Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by a chronic brain glucose deficit. White matter glucose deterioration is also evident in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and specific to limbic fascicles. We will quantify the change in regional brain glucose uptake for gray matter and white matter tracts using PET imaging and the F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) radiotracer. PET maps will be registered to Magnetic Resonance (MR) anatomical images and corrected for partial volume effect. Standard uptake value ratios (SUVr) will be calculated using the cerebellum as a reference region. FDG-PET scans will be performed at Screening and Week 12. To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on imaging markers of brain quality	12 Weeks
Change in apparent fiber density (AFD)	Change from Baseline to Week 12 in MRI Apparent Fiber Density (AFD) To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on axonal integrity in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in non-cognitive behavioral symptoms	Change from Screening to Week 12 in Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12) study partner items To assess the effect of XPro1595 compared with placebo on non-cognitive behavioral symptoms in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in brain activity	Change from Screening to Week 12 in brain activity as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) scans (Change in brain activity as measured by the EEG in microvolts). Specifically, a series of EEG markers previously associated with AD (Horvath et al. 2018) including high and low frequency band powers, the P300, and Mismatch Negativity (MMN) event-related potentials will be evaluated. An EEG scan will be administered at Screening and each week for 12 weeks. To assess the efficacy of XPro1595 compared with placebo on brain activity in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in speech and language	Change from Baseline to Week 12 in language and speech patterns using Winterlight Labs analysis To assess the effect of XPro1595 compared with placebo on speech and language in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Mild Cognitive Impairment Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-MCI ADL)	Change from Screening to Week 12 in Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Mild Cognitive Impairment Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-MCI ADL) The 23-item ADCS-MCI-ADL Scale has good test-retest reliability, will be utilized to assess performance functioning in MCI patients (Galasko et al., 1997; Douglas Galasko et al., 2006; Pedrosa et al., 2010). The ADCS-ADL includes 18 items from traditional basic ADL scales and 5 items from instrumental activities of daily living scales (IADL) The possible range of total scores for the ADL Scale is 0-53 and higher scores indicate better functioning. The internal reliability was .91( Galasko et al., 1997; Douglas Galasko et al., 2006; Pedrosa et al., 2010). The ADCS-MCI ADL will be performed at Screening and Week 12. To assess the effect of XPro1595 compared with placebo on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Change in Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB)	Change from Screening to Week 12 in Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) The CDR scale is a clinician-rated dementia staging system that tracks the progression of cognitive impairment in 6 categories (memory, orientation, judgement and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care). Each category is scored on a 5-point scale in which None = 0, Questionable = 0.5, Mild = 1, Moderate = 2, and Severe = 3. The global CDR score is established by clinical scoring rules and has values of 0 (no dementia), 0.5, (questionable dementia), 1 (mild dementia), 2 (moderate dementia), and 3 (severe dementia). The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) is obtained by adding the ratings in each of the 6 categories and ranges from 0 to 18 with higher scores indicative of greater impairment. To assess the effect of XPro1595 compared with placebo on cognition and global function in patients with MCI	12 Weeks
Number of participants who experience adverse events and serious adverse events	Clinically significant abnormalities of laboratory values, physical findings, electrocardiogram findings and other safety assessments will be recorded as adverse events if the findings meet the defined criteria for adverse events.	Screening up to 28 days post last dose

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Goal Attainment Scale (GAS)	Change in Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) The achievement of each goal is rated on a 5-point attainment scale (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2) to allow standardized scoring of personalized outcomes. A participant's overall goal attainment is quantified using a formula that takes into account the number of goals that have been set, and the extent to which they are correlated with each other. For each identified goal area, the caregiver will be asked to give a detailed description of the patient's current (baseline) status and goal status, which will be recorded at the -1 and 0 levels on the 5-point scale, respectively. The remaining levels of the scale will then be set: somewhat better than the goal (+1), much better than the goal (+2), and much worse than the goal (-2). To evaluate the effect of XPro1595 compared with placebo on goal attainment scores	12 Weeks
Evaluate predictability of patient response after placebo administration and potential influence of study partners on outcome evaluation using the Multidimensional Psychological Questionnaire (MPsQ) with a 5 point scale	The Multidimensional Psychological Questionnaire (MPsQ) questionnaires have been designed to specifically measure patient personality characteristics associated with the placebo response. The MPsQ questionnaires are self-reported, and each item is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). MPsQs will be completed by the patient and separate MPsQs will be completed by the study partner at screening. MPsQs will be completed by the patient and separate MPsQs will be completed by the study partner prior to investigational product administration. The patient and study partner will complete MPsQs at Screening and Week 1. To measure patient personality characteristics associated with the placebo response.	12 Weeks
Change in measures of activity	Change from Screening to Week 12 in activity metrics (time spent lying, sitting, standing, stepping, upright, in walking bouts, in-context specific walking bouts; number of steps, and sit-to-stand transitions) as measured by the activity monitor. Physical activity will be measured in real time using the activity monitor worn on the patient's wrist. Total activity counts per minute (higher activity counts = more activity) and number of steps taken will be derived from data. Patients will be equipped with the monitoring device during the screening period and activity metrics will be measured for 7 days prior to each EMACC assessment. Data will be measured at Screening, Week 1, Week 3, Week 6, Week 9 and Week 12. To assess the effect of XPro1595 compared to placebo on measures of activity	12 Weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inmune Bio, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Tara Lehner, INmune Bio

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, Buchan I, Matteson EL, Montori V. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006 May 17;295(19):2275-85. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.19.2275. Erratum In: JAMA. 2006 Jun 7;295(21):2482.
• Chance SA, Clover L, Cousijn H, Currah L, Pettingill R, Esiri MM. Microanatomical correlates of cognitive ability and decline: normal ageing, MCI, and Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex. 2011 Aug;21(8):1870-8. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq264. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
• Alvarez A, Cacabelos R, Sanpedro C, Garcia-Fantini M, Aleixandre M. Serum TNF-alpha levels are increased and correlate negatively with free IGF-I in Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Apr;28(4):533-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Mar 29.
• Buchhave P, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Minthon L, Janciauskiene S, Hansson O. Soluble TNF receptors are associated with Abeta metabolism and conversion to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Nov;31(11):1877-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.10.012. Epub 2008 Dec 13.

Helpful Links

• Alzheimer's Association annual report releasing statistics regarding Alzheimer's disease

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 26, 2023
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 26, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 3, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 4, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 11, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 28, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 26, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Biomarker; Inflammation; Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neurocognitive Disorders; Dementia; Cognition Disorders; Inflammation; Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Brain Diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Tauopathies
• Other Study ID Numbers: XPro1595-AD-03

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No