Investigation of University Level Volleyball Players in Terms of Ankle Functions and Postural Control Variables

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate different ankle functions and postural control variables in university level volleyball players and students with stable ankles and to examine the results obtained. In this way, we aim to contribute to the physiotherapy and rehabilitation literature and clinical studies of physiotherapists who are interested in athlete health.

The hypothesis set in this study is:

H0: There is no difference between ankle functions and postural control variables of volleyball players and healthy controls.

H1: There is a difference between ankle functions and postural control variables of volleyball players and healthy controls.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postural Balance; Volleyball; Ankle

Detailed Description

There are studies proving that athletes with poor postural control have a higher risk of injury to the ankle and knee regions than those with normal. Balanced stance and effective postural control in activities involving ball contact during the game are the basic skills of volleyball. The ankle is a joint that needs to be evaluated frequently and its functions should be improved both in order to improve postural control ability and to prevent possible injuries. It has been proven in studies that the capacity shown in different functional parameters such as joint range of motion, strength and proprioception and balance both reduces the risk of injury and positively reflects on the performance parameters of the athlete. It will be useful to evaluate and examine the ankle functions and postural controls that change as a result of the training and exercises performed by the athletes, unlike healthy individuals who are not athletes, in order to understand the abilities developed specifically for the sport.

The study will be carried out in Yeditepe University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Graduate Laboratory. Female individuals aged 18-25 years, with stable ankles will be included in the study as a sample. The study will consist of two groups. The first group will include volleyball players playing in university teams, and healthy university students meeting the same criteria in the control group. The sample size of the study was calculated using the GPower program as type 1 error value= 0.05, power = 0.90, effect size (f value) calculated from the reference article and total of 40 subjects for the independent sample t-test.

The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool will be used to select suitable participants for the study. Only ankles considered stable according to the questionnaire will be included in this study. First, static balance will be evaluated with the PK Prokin 252 system during the silent stand for postural control assessment. Then, different ankle functions of the people who will participate in the study will be evaluated. The measurement of the range of motion of the ankle will be evaluated with the help of a goniometer. Different degrees of position sense of the ankle joint will be evaluated with the aid of a goniometer and the sense of vibration will be evaluated with a tuning fork. Muscle strength will be measured with the help of a manual dynamometer during the movements of the muscles around the ankle. In addition, the participants who volunteered to participate in the study before the tests will be given a Voluntary Consent Form and a Demographic Information Form. Participants will be given rest periods between each test. Evaluation time will be 45 minutes for each participant. Participants will not be followed up after the assessments.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 40

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey, 34000
    • Yeditepe Üniversitesi

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 25 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study was carried out with female individuals aged 18-25 who have stable ankles and have not had an ankle injury in the last 1 year. The study includes volleyball players playing in university teams and healthy university students who meet the same criteria.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female gender,
• Being between the ages of 18-25,
• Having a score of ≥24 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Questionnaire,
• Volunteering for the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of neuromuscular system disease,
• Presence of vestibular or visual problems,
• Presence of acute or chronic pain,
• An ankle injury in the last year,
• For the control group, regular participation in sports activities or physical activity for more than 150 minutes, 5 days a week.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Volleyball Group; Female Volleyball players who are currently playing in a university team and who are meeting the inclusion criteria.
Control Group; Female university students who are meeting the inclusion criteria.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postural control	Postural control is evaluated according to the results of the static stability test performed on the PK Prokin 252 balance device with proven reliability. Postural control outcome is measured by the findings of the Prokin System, wich are: Average center of gravity on the X-axis (mm), Average Y-axis center of gravity (mm), Forward-backward standard deviation (mm), Medial-lateral standard deviation (mm) variables.	Baseline
Ankle Joint Range of Motion	Range of motion assessment is made using a goniometer. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in the tibiotalar joint, and eversion and inversion in the subtalar joint is evaluated both actively and passivley. These evaluations will be repeated 3 times and their averages will be recorded.	Baseline
Ankle Joint Proprioception	The assessment is made by a goniometer. First the referance degree is passively tought and then while eyes are closed, the person tries to reach the referance degree. The movements starts from 145 degrees of plantar flexion to the degrees of 105, 120, 130 and 140.	Baseline
Vibration Sense	Vibration evaluation is made with the help of tuning fork (128 Hz). The eyes are closed throughout the application. Reference points are the big toe, fifth toe, and medial malleolus. The person is instructed to say when the feeling of vibration ends. A timer was used to count the time.	Baseline
Ankle Joint Muscle Strength	The maximum isometric strength of the ankle is evaluated with the manual dynamometer measurement, the validity and reliability of which has been proven. JTECH Commander Powertrack Manual Dynamometer was used for measurements. Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion and inversion movements are assessed.	Baseline

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool	The tool is used to to understand if the ankle is stable or unstable. The scale consists of nine questions about ankle joint functions and whether there is pain in different activities and a total of 30 points. Functional instability increases with low scores from the questionnaire. The cutoff point for the stable ankle is ≥24.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Gelisim University
• Collaborators: Yeditepe University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 25, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 24, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): February 8, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 9, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 9, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): June 13, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 15, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 14, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ankle; postural control; vibration; proprioception; range of motion; volleyball; strenght
• Other Study ID Numbers: YU001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No