High-Speed Resistance Training Program in Independent Older Adults

Effects of an High-Speed Resistance Training Program on Health Parameters in Independent Older Adults: a Longitudinal Study

The aims of the present investigation are: a) to determine the effects of a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program on health parameters in independent older adults; and b) to verify the durability of the effects after 6 and 12 months after the intervention.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Aging; Old Age; Atrophy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Experimental group

Detailed Description

The present investigation will last a total of 18 months. More specifically, Two weeks for initial assessments, then the 16-weeks training program. After that, there will be a 1-year follow-up.

Regarding the training program, it consists in a high-speed resistance training program of 16-weeks, with three sessions per week (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) of 50-60min, each session being comprised of five-six exercises, two-three sets, and six-ten reps/exercise. The following exercises are used during the intervention period in pneumatic machines: incline bench press, squat in multipower or with dumbbell, leg extension, seated low row, leg press, calf raise, chest fly and lat pull down.

The intensity is gradually increased after each session in accordance with the movement velocity (>1.3 to 0.75 m/s) representing approximately 20% to 60% of one repetition maximum. Participants execute the exercises rapidly and explosively making all repetitions for each shortening phase (concentric phase) performed as quickly as possible with the lengthening phase of the muscle (eccentric phase) being controlled for 2-3 s. The velocity of the concentric phase in each exercise is monitored through a BEAST™ sensor (Beast Technologies, Brescia, Italy).

Participants unavailable to participate in the intervention period will be allocated to the control group. These participants continue their usual activity without engaging in any resistance training or beginning a new exercise program during the study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 89
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Portugal
  • Évora, Portugal, 7004-516
    • Department of Sport and Health, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years and older (Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants of both genders;
• Aged 65 years old or more;
• Can walk and perform daily tasks independently and autonomously.

Exclusion Criteria:

• People with cognitive impairment;
• People with neurodegenerative diseases;
• People with diabetes disease;
• People with heart/respiratory pathology or use of pacemakers;
• People with musculoskeletal injuries in the 6 months before the study;
• People with active oncology disease;
• People with an uncontrolled hypertension (>90 mmHG; >150 mmHg);
• People participate in other supervised exercise program;
• Paeople who refuse to sign the informed consent.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental group; Participants perform a 16-week of High-Speed Resistance Training program.	Other: Experimental group; The High-Speed Resistance Training program has 16 weeks, with three sessions per week with 50-60min, each session being comprised of five-six exercises, two-three sets, and six-ten reps/exercise. The intensity is gradually increased after each session in accordance with the movement velocity (>1.3 to 0.75 m/s) representing approximately 20% to 60% of one repetition maximum. Participants execute the exercises rapidly and explosively making all repetitions for each shortening phase (concentric phase) performed as quickly as possible with the lengthening phase of the muscle (eccentric phase) being controlled for 2-3 s. The velocity of the concentric phase in each exercise is monitored through a BEAST™ sensor (Beast Technologies, Brescia, Italy).
No Intervention: Control group; Participantes continued their usual activity without engaging in any strength training or beginning a new exercise program during the study.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Phase angle from bioelectrical impedance	Changes related to cellular health assessed by In Body S10 after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Gait Variability	Changes related to gait variability by Phypox after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body Composition - Muscle mass; Fat Mass; Body Water.	Changes related to muscle mass, fat mass and body water assessed by In Body S10 and DXA after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Bone Densitometry - Whole-body BMC and BMD and dominant femoral neck BMC and BMD.	Changes related to bone quality assessed by DXA after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Heart Rate Variability	Changes related to autonomous nervous system assessed by Kubios HRV after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Physical Function	Changes related to physical function assessed by four functional fitness tests, namely 30s chair-stand; timed-up & go test; ball throw and 6 min walk test after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Muscle strength	Changes related to Muscle strength assessed by handgrip test (both sides) and isokinetic dynamometer evaluation (both sides) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Postural control	Changes related to postural control assessed in two conditions (with one foot on the ground and both feet on the ground) by an force platform Add-on (Plux) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I)	Changes related to the level of concern about falling during social and physical activities inside and outside the home through a scale (FES-I) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)	Changes related to the levels of physical activity through a scale (IPAQ) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
Mini-Mental State Examination	Changes related to the cognitive impairment (problems with thinking, communication, understanding and memory) through a scale (MMSE) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months
The 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)	Changes related to the health status through a scale (SF-36) after a 16-weeks high-speed resistance training program and after 6 and 12 moths of the intervention period.	18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Évora
• Collaborators: Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Rio Maior; Comprehensive Health Research Centre; Life Quality Research Center - CIEQV

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 4, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 16, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 19, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 1, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 27, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Aging; Older adults; Resistance training; Health outcomes; Velocity-based training; Phase Angle; Gait Variability
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Atrophy
• Other Study ID Numbers: Idade Activa

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No