Experiential HIV Testing Increasing Testing Related Knowledge and Practice, and Reduce Stigma Toward HIV of Nurses.

The Effects of Experiential HIV Testing to Improve Knowledge and Practice, and Reduce Stigma Toward HIV of Emergency Department Nurses

This is a randomized controlled trial design. The investigators plan to recruit about 60 to 70 emergency department nurses from a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan. After completing the paper consent form, these nurses will be randomly assigned to 2 groups, which are a control group and an experimental group. The pre-test includes the demographic data sheet, HIV testing related knowledge and practice scale, and The Health Care Provider HIV/ AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS). All nurses will receive a learning material when they finish the pre-test. In addition, the experimental group will be provided a real HIV testing and counselling by a researcher. The post-test will be finished one month later of pre-test in the control group, and one month later while the intervention completed in the experimental group. The semi-structural interview will be performed to the experimental group to collect and analyze their opinion toward the experiential HIV testing.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hiv; HIV Testing
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Experiential HIV Testing

Detailed Description

This project aims to develop an intervention of "experiential HIV testing" and to verify the following effects on emergency nurses: (1) Improve HIV testing related knowledge and practice; (2) Reduce HIV-related stigma; (3) Find out the possible demographic factors that might affect the effectiveness of experiential HIV Testing. During the intervention, nurses can directly participate in the whole process of anonymous HIV testing in the role of who need to be screened, and pre- and post-testing counselling accompanied the education and discussion will also be provided to them by a researcher. Through the above-mentioned measures, the knowledge and practices related to the HIV testing could be improved, and the stigma attitude toward HIV could be reduced through the self-reflection on the testing process.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 74
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 100
    • School of Nursing of National Taiwan University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- have registered nurse license and do clinical care in emergency department

Exclusion Criteria:

• have registered nurse license but doesn't do clinical care, likes head nurse.
• do clinical care in emergency department but doesn't have registered nurse license, like volunteers or assistant nurse.
• have experienced non-occupational HIV testing.
• had been a nurse in HIV/AIDS-focus ward or HIV/AIDS case manager.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Get a learning material and a experiential HIV Testing; These participants in the experimental group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing, then an experiential HIV Testing, which includes HIV testing and counselling, education and discussion, and a post-test interviews will be provided.	Other: Experiential HIV Testing; The content of experiential HIV Testing includes HIV testing, counselling, and education and discussion.
No Intervention: Get a learning material only; These participants in the control group will be provided a learning material about HIV testing only. After the post-test, the experiential HIV Testing will be provided to them.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
HIV Testing Related Knowledge and Practice	A self-development scale, known as the "HIV Testing-Related Knowledge and Practice Scale," is employed to assess individuals' knowledge and practices pertaining to HIV testing. The scale consists of twenty-eight questions, encompassing both True-False and multiple-choice formats. Participants earn one point for each correct answer, contributing to a total score that ranges from the minimum scores of 0 to the maximum scores of 28. Higher scores signify a more positive outcome, indicating enhanced HIV testing-related knowledge and practice among the participants.	pre-test(Baseline) and post-test (week 4)
HIV Related Stigma	The Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) will be used to assess this outcome. The instrument contains 30 items, each scored on a six-point Likert scale, yielding a minimum total score of 30 and a maximum of 180. Higher scores reflect greater levels of stigma toward people living with HIV, indicating a worse outcome. Validation of the HPASS through factor analysis identified three underlying dimensions. The stereotyping dimension (11 items; score range: 11-66) reflects negative cognitions and beliefs about people living with HIV. The prejudice dimension (13 items; score range: 13-78) captures emotionally driven attitudes. The discrimination dimension (6 items; score range: 6-36) represents behavioral responses stemming from negative attitudes. For all dimensions, higher scores indicate worse outcomes. These 3 dimensions(as sub-scale scores) for stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination will also be calculated and analyzed.	pre-test (Baseline) and post-test (Week 4)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The demographic factors which affect the effectiveness of experiential HIV testing	Two-way ANOVA(mixed design) will be used to analyze this outcome.	one month later

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Qualitative analysis of post-test interview in experimental group.	In order to qualitatively analyses and understands the participants' opinions of the experiential learning, four open-ended questions are applied to the interview in the post-test period. The four questions are: "After experiencing HIV testing, what changes in your mind while waiting for the test results?"; "After experiencing HIV testing, does it make you curious about HIV or want to know more about HIV-related knowledge?"; "After experiencing HIV testing, what changes have you felt towards HIV-related stigma?"; "How and what is this experiential learning method different from traditional lecture class?"	one month later

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taiwan University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: CHENG-RU HE, Bachelor, National Taiwan University Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 9, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): February 23, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 31, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 8, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): November 14, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): October 1, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2025
• Last Verified: September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: stigma; knowledge; Education, nursing; situated learning
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Blood-Borne Infections; Urogenital Diseases; Genital Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Communicable Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Lentivirus Infections; Retroviridae Infections; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Slow Virus Diseases; HIV Infections; Behavior; Social Behavior; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Social Stigma
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202209065RINA

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No