Physiological and Dietary Characteristics of Boys and Girls High School Basketball Players

In a population of boys and girls high school basketball players, the primary objectives are to assess 1) bone mineral density and vitamin D status, and 2) energy intake and dietary quality.

The secondary objectives are to assess 1) nutrients related to bone health (calcium, magnesium, vitamin K, protein) and 2) protein intake over the day.

Data collection takes place pre-, mid-, and post-season.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bone Health
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Vitamin D; Diagnostic test: DXA scan; Other: Nutrition analysis

Detailed Description

This study will assess the dietary intake male and female 14-19 year old student athletes, specifically energy intake and dietary quality (i.e. how closely do their diets meet recommendations).

Investigators hypothesize that vitamin D status will be suboptimal in most participants though bone density will be normal.

Investigators hypothesize that participants will maintain energy balance over the course of the season (no significant changes to body mass or body composition) but dietary quality will not meet recommendations.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 120

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Bradenton, Florida, United States, 34210
      • IMG Academy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 10 years to 15 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Male and female high school basketball players

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Females and males between the ages of 14-19 years old.
2. Non-smoker
3. Currently enrolled in the IMG basketball program.
4. Willing to fast overnight prior to testing.
5. Willing to do a finger stick for the Vitamin D assessment.
6. Able to give verbal and written informed consent for participation as well as obtain parental consent if <18 years of age.
7. If an athlete would like to participate but English is not their first language, we will liaise with an interpreter on the IMG campus to inform him / her of the study protocol and procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Expulsion from school for any reason.
2. Leaving the IMG basketball program.
3. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bone mineral density	whole body	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal whole body bone density would be better.
Bone mineral density	spine	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal spine bone density would be better.
Bone mineral density	total hip	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal total hip bone density would be better.
Bone mineral density	femoral neck	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal femoral neck bone density would be better.
Bone mineral density	vitamin D status	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Adequacy will be defined as a value > 32 ng/mL. Higher Vitamin D values would be better.
Energy intake	24 hour recall	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Energy intake that meets recommendations would be better.
Dietary quality	24 hour recall	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Diet quality that meets recommendations would be better.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assess nutrients related to bone health (calcium)	Calcium intake via 24 hour recall and calcium supplement, if any	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Calcium intake that meets recommendations would be better.
Assess nutrients related to bone health (magnesium)	Magnesium intake via 24 hour recall and magnesium supplement, if any	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Magnesium intake that meets recommendations would be better.
Assess nutrients related to bone health (vitamin K)	Vitamin K intake via 24 hour recall and vitamin K supplement, if any	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Vitamin K intake that meets recommendations would be better.
Assess nutrients related to bone health (protein)	Protein intake via 24 hour recall	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Protein intake that meets recommendations would be better.
Protein intake over the day	Times of day protein is consumed	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Looking at pattern of protein intake.

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assess frequency of consuming carbohydrate during training	Carbohydrate intake via 24 hour recall	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Looking at pattern of carbohydrate intake.
Assess current intake of supplements	Measure intake of supplements (pills, powders, gummies, etc.) via 24 hour recall and reported concomitant meds/supplements	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023) in consumption of supplements. Better or worse outcome not applicable.
Weight	Body weight scale accuracy to one tenth of a kilogram using a scale from data Weighing Systems, Wood Dale, IL	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). No desired direction of change, expecting it to remain contstant.
Height	Participants standing and seated height will be measured by electronic stadiometry to the nearest cm using QuickMedical stadiometer, Warwick, RI	Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Better or worse direction not applicable.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: PepsiCo Global R&D
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kris Osterberg, PhD,RD,CSSD, PepsiCo, Inc. Sports Science

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 27, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 27, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 9, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): December 20, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 10, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 9, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: nutrition; energy intake; vitamin D; diet; DXA; bone health; DEXA; basketball; diet quality; high school
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Micronutrients; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol; Vitamins; Ergocalciferols
• Other Study ID Numbers: PEP-2202

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No