ICG Anastomosis Control in Colon Surgery

Indocyanine Green ICG in Segmentary Resection in Colo-rectal Surgery is Usefull to Decrease Leak Threshold: A Paralel Retrospetive Cohort Study

This is a parallel monocentric, retrospective cohort study in Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy. Aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of Indocyanine green (ICG) for Anastomotic leak (AL) in patients underwent elective segmentary colic resection (transverse colic resection, left colectomy including sigmoidectomy, splenic colic flexure resection). Secondary aims are to detect and to investigate the impact of various risk factors on AL and morbidity and surgical performance within 30 days to surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anastomotic Leak; Colon Surgery
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: ICG solution

Detailed Description

This is a parallel monocentric, retrospective cohort study observing consecutive series of patients underwent colo-rectal surgery at our institution between 1 January 2017 and 31 July 2023.

The primary endpoint of the study is Anastomotic Leak (AL) at 30 days while secondary endpoints are post-operative morbidity Clavien-Dindo score ≥III within 30 days from surgery including readmission and redo-surgery, harvested nodes for patients with neoplastic disease, Surgical Site Infection, rate of laparoscopic surgical procedure and rate of protection stoma.

Sex, Body Mass Index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, tumor stage according to AJJC 8th edition will be considered confounding factor for onset of AL.

Patients electronic database will be collected from extraction of medical record in operating log and every digital medical record will be scanned including peri-operative outcomes and 30 days post-operative follow-up from post-operative visit, eventually readmission in emergency department or any other specialistic wards of our local health institution according to following inclusion criteria: elective setting of surgery, segmentary left colon surgery: splenic colic resection, transverse colic resection and left colectomy defined as left hemicolectomy with low mesenteric artery-ligation and sigmoidectomy even for benign or malign pathology, at least 30 days of post-operative follow-up available from medical documentation, primary colo-colic or colo-rectal anastomosis with or without preventing ostomy and adult age.

Exclusion criteria are terminal colonic stoma without anastomosis creation after demolitive step, extended transverse right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy with high vascular ligation, associated bowel or another splanchnic resection (i.e. neoplastic infiltration), previous colic surgery, synchronous neoplasm, not reporting in operating form details about vascular ligation, lack in reporting in medical records of primary outcomes, stage IV cancer, ASA IV, less than 18 years old and emergency setting.

The reconstruction time is performed with different anastomosis (colo-colic or colo-rectal), technique (stapler or hand sewn) and connection (side to side, side to end, end to side or end to end).

ICG-ATT is available at our institute since 2019 using a near-infrared (NIR) light source and special scope and camera equipped with xenon light (CARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany); ICG was supplied as a sterile water-soluble lyophilized powder (Diagnostic Green® GmbH). ICG-ATT is routinely used whenever available in daily practice with the following protocol: after the specimen resection the two colonic stumps or colonic and rectal stumps are checked with 5 cc of ICG 25 mg diluted in 10 cc of water sterile solution before fashioned anastomosis. Two laparoscopes with ICG-optic system are nowadays available department and ICG anastomosis control is always performed if ICG device are available (no performed in case of not available ICG instrument for sterilization in case of two consecutive surgery in the same day, concomitant ICG surgery or ICG malfunction).

Statistical analysis and sample size:

Quantitative variables will be described by mean± standard deviation or median and IQR, and qualitative variables will be described by absolute and percentage frequencies. Normality will be checked for all continuous variables. Comparisons of covariates will be conducted using Pearson's X2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and a t-test or Mann Whitney test for continuous variables. Univariable analysis will be conducted using logistic regression to examine the association of each predictor variable with the anastomotic leakage event. Next, variables with p<0.1 will be considered for inclusion in a multivariable regression model. For each risk factor, odds ratio with associated confidence intervals will have been presented. All analyses will be performed using RStudio version 3.6.0 statistical software with two-side significance tests and a 5% significance level.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 115

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Italy
  • Piacenza, Italy, 29121
    • Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

A consecutive series of patients underwent colo-rectal surgery at our institution between 1 January 2017 and 31 July 2023

Description

Inclusion criteria:

• elective setting of surgery
• segmentary left colon surgery including transverse resection, splenic flexure resection and left colectomy even for benign or malign pathology
• 30 days of post-operative follow-up at least available from medical documentation
• primary colo-colic or colo-rectal anastomosis with or without preventing ostomy
• more than 18 years old, less than 90 years old

Exclusion criteria:

• terminal colonic stoma without anastomosis creation after demolitive step
• extended transverse right hemicolectomy
• left hemicolectomy with high vascular ligation
• associated bowel or another splanchnic resection (i.e. neoplastic infiltration)
• previous colic surgery
• synchronous neoplasm
• not reporting in operating form details about vascular ligation
• lack in reporting in medical records of primary outcomes
• stage IV cancer
• ASA IV
• less than 18 years old, more then 90 years old
• emergency setting

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Indocyanine Green; Indocyanine green infusion in left-side colorectal surgery (elective segmentary colic resection)	Drug: ICG solution; ICG-ATT is available at our institute since 2019 using a near-infrared (NIR) light source and special scope and camera equipped with xenon light (CARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany); ICG was supplied as a sterile water-soluble lyophilized powder (Diagnostic Green® GmbH). ICG-ATT is routinely used whenever available in daily practice with the following protocol: after the specimen resection the two colonic stumps or colonic and rectal stumps are checked with 5 cc of ICG 25 mg diluted in 10 cc of water sterile solution before fashioned anastomosis. Two laparoscopes with ICG-optic system are nowadays available department and ICG anastomosis control is always performed if ICG device are available (no performed in case of not available ICG instrument for sterilization in case of two consecutive surgery in the same day, concomitant ICG surgery or ICG malfunction).; Other Names: Indocyanine Green
non-Indocyanine Green; No infusion of Indocyanine green in left-side colorectal surgery (elective segmentary colic resection )

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Anastomotic leak at 30 days	Anastomotic leak (a defect of intestinal wall at anastomotic site leading to a communication between the intra- and extraluminal compartments)at 30 days: abdominal CT scan IV and a Clavien Dindo Score ≥III	30 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Post-operative morbidity	Clavien-Dindo score ≥III within 30 days from surgery including readmission and redo-surgery, harvested nodes for patients with neoplastic disease, Surgical Site Infection, rate of laparoscopic surgical procedure and rate of protection stoma.	30 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Azienda Unita Sanitaria Locale di Piacenza
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrea Romboli, MD

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 20, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 7, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): August 8, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 18, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ICG; Anastomotic Leak; Colon Surgery
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Anastomotic Leak
• Other Study ID Numbers: GREEN COLONIC SAFE ANASTOMOSIS

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No