A Randomized Controlled Trial of LOT-CRT Versus conventionaL BiVP in Heart Failure Patients With NICD (BATTLE)

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Left Bundle brAnch opTimized Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Versus conventionaL Bi-vEntricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients With Nonspecific Intraventricular Conduction Delay

BATTLE study has been designed as a prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled trial. This study will enroll 83 patients with chronic heart failure accompanied by intraventricular block (NICD) over an estimated recruitment period of 3 years. An LOT-CRT group will be compared with a group of conventional BiVP in the follow-up of at least 6 months. The study aimed to compare the curative effect of LOT-CRT in preserving LV systolic function with traditional BiVP in chronic heart failure patients with NICD.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Heart Failure; Intraventricular Block
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: LOT-CRT group; Procedure: BiVP group

Detailed Description

Cardiac resynchronization therapy is a standardized treatment strategy for patients with chronic heart failure complicated by wide QRS waves. With the continuous development of physiological pacing technology, traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy, namely biventricular pacing technology, is constantly challenged. Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), as the main method of physiological pacing technology, is currently increasingly widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, research has mainly focused on heart failure patients with wide QRS waves such as non ischemic cardiomyopathy and typical left bundle branch block (LBBB). The recently published LBBP-RESYNC study was a randomized controlled study comparing left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and biventricular pacing. The results showed that LBBP can achieve better improvement in left ventricular function compared to traditional biventricular pacing.

Compared with patients with typical LBBB, traditional biventricular pacing synchronized treatment is less effective in chronic heart failure patients accompanied by intraventricular block (NICD), which is closely related to the electrophysiological mechanism of LBBB. The blocking site of typical LBBB is generally located within the His bundle to the proximal end of the left bundle branch, while the distal end of the left bundle branch is relatively healthy. Therefore, LBBP can completely correct this type of LBBB and significantly narrow the QRS wave; The electrophysiological mechanism of NICD is relatively complex, and there may be multiple blocking sites, and LBBP cannot be completely corrected. How to improve the treatment efficacy and clinical prognosis of chronic heart failure patients with NICD is an important scientific issue that urgently needs to be solved. It is unclear whether left bundle branch pacing technology can provide support for cardiac function in such patients.

Traditional biventricular pacing combines right ventricular and left epicardial pacing; LBBAP combined with left ventricular epicardial pacing, also known as LOT-CRT, is an innovative pacing method. This study aims to explore the application value of LBBAP in patients with chronic heart failure and NICD.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 86
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jiangang Zou; Phone Number: 86-13605191407; Email: jgzou@njmu.edu.cn

Study Locations

• China
  • Jiangsu
    • Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210029
      • Recruiting
      • The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
      • Contact: Jiangang Zou; Phone Number: +8613605191407; Email: jgzou@njmu.edu.cn

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic or non ischemic cardiomyopathy
2. Optimal medical therapy for at lest 3 months
3. NYHA class II-IV
4. LVEF≤35% as assessed by echocardiography
5. Sinus rhythm (may have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation)
6. QRS duration ≥ 150ms
7. Intraventricular block (NICD), QRS morphology is neither LBBB nor RBBB

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Valvular heart disease that requires or has undergone surgical intervention
2. After mechanical tricuspid valve replacement
3. Persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
4. Second or third degree atrioventricular block
5. Have a history of acute myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to enrollment
6. Patient's expected survival time is less than 12 months
7. Pregnant or planned to conceive
8. Ventricular septal hypertrophy (ventricular septal thickness exceeds 15mm at the end of diastole)
9. Patients with simple and persistent left superior vena cava
10. Patients with existing pacemaker implantation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: LOT-CRT group; In this arm, an right artrial (RA) lead, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead and a LV pacing lead are placed are conventionally implanted. A left bundle branch pacing(LBBP) lead is attempted to be placed.	Procedure: LOT-CRT group; In addition to the leads implanted in BiVP group, it is also necessary to implant the left bundle branch area pacing(LBBAP) leads LBBAP includes LBBP and LVSP. LBBP is defined if fulfilling criterion 1 and at least one in criteria 2: Paced morphology of RBBD in surface lead V1 (QR, Qr, rSr', rSR' or Qrs);; One of the following should be met, while the pacing threshold ≤ 1.5V/0.5ms:Selective LBBP capture pattern appears, with an iso-electrical window between the pacing spike and QRS onset;When reducing the output voltage, the LVAT undergoes a sudden change of>10ms; If criterion 1 is fulfilled but none in criteria 2 is met, the procedure is considered to be left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP).
Active Comparator: BiVP group; In this arm, an RA lead , an ICD lead and a LV pacing lead are placed.	Procedure: BiVP group; Implantation of a LV pacing lead is attempted using the standard-of-care technique first.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)	Changes from baseline LVEF(unit: %) assessed by echocardiography at follow-up	Baseline; 6-month follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Paced QRS duration	Paced QRS duration is evaluated postoperative day 1 and 1 months, 3 months and 6 months after implantation.	Postoperative day 1; 1-month,3-month and 6-month follow-up
A combined clinical endpoint of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization,	Including date and number of all-cause mortalityand heart failure hospitalization,	6-month follow-up
Left ventricular end systolic volume(LVESV)	Changes from baseline LVESV(unit: mL) assessed by echocardiography at follow-up	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV)	Changes from baseline LVEDV(unit: mL) assessed by echocardiography at follow-up	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD)	Changes from baseline LVESD(unit: mm) assessed by echocardiography at follow-up	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)	Changes from baseline LVEDD(unit: mm) assessed by echocardiography at follow-up	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Change in Quality Of Life Questionnaire score between baseline and follow-up	Reflect the effect of cardiac funtion on quality of life, and higher scores represent a worse outcome	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Changes in New York Heart Association Heart Function Classification between baseline and follow-up	The higher the classification, the more severe the heart failure symptoms(four levels: I, II, III and IV)	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Changes in 6-minute Walk Distance between baseline and follow-up	Distance that a participant walk within 6 minutes	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Changes in concentration of NT-proBNP in blood between baseline and follow-up	Blood test is performed at each time frame to determine the concentration of NT-proBNP(unit: pg/mL)	Baseline; 3-month, 6-month follow-up
Incidence of stroke events	Including date and number of stroke	6-month follow-up
A combined arrhythmia endpoint of new-onset atrial fibrillation and malignant ventricular arrhythmia	Including date and number of new-onset atrial fibrillation and malignant ventricular arrhythmia	6-month follow-up
Success rate of LBBAP implantation Success rate of LBBAP implantation Success rate of LBBAP implantation Success rate of LBBAP implantation Success rate of LBBAP implantation	Success rate of LBBAP in LOT-CRT group	Operative day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
• Collaborators: Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital; West China Hospital; Shanghai Tong Ren Hospital; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China; Fujian Provincial Hospital; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; The First People's Hospital of Yunnan
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jiangang Zou, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Principal Investigator: Yangang Su, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wang Y, Zhu H, Hou X, Wang Z, Zou F, Qian Z, Wei Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Li X, Liu Z, Xue S, Qin C, Zeng J, Li H, Wu H, Ma H, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, Fan X, Zou J; LBBP-RESYNC Investigators. Randomized Trial of Left Bundle Branch vs Biventricular Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Sep 27;80(13):1205-1216. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.019.
• Jastrzebski M, Moskal P, Huybrechts W, Curila K, Sreekumar P, Rademakers LM, Ponnusamy SS, Herweg B, Sharma PS, Bednarek A, Rajzer M, Vijayaraman P. Left bundle branch-optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy (LOT-CRT): Results from an international LBBAP collaborative study group. Heart Rhythm. 2022 Jan;19(1):13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.07.057. Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 21, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 25, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 25, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): September 29, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 14, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 12, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Left bundle branch area pacing
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure
• Other Study ID Numbers: FirstNanjingMU005

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No