Driving Pressure-guided Lung Protective Ventilation (DPV)

The Efficacy of Driving Pressure-guided Lung Protective Ventilation in Surgical Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: an Open-label, Randomized Control Clinical Trial

The study, named as "The Efficacy of Driving Pressure-guided Lung Protective Ventilation in Surgical Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection: an open-label, randomized control clinical trial", aims to investigate whether driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation can reduce postoperative oxygenation function in patients who have undergone surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection. The primary outcomes is the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia (a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio less than 300 mm Hg or a peripheral blood oxygen saturation less than 93% at any concentration of inspiratory oxygen) within 7 days after the surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Hypoxemia; Ventilator Lung
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Driving pressure-guided positive end expiratory pressure; Procedure: Ventilation strategy; Procedure: Management of hypoxemia; Procedure: Optimal oxygenation-guided positive end expiratory pressure

Detailed Description

Postoperative hypoxemia is defined as a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio less than 300 mm Hg or a peripheral blood oxygen saturation less than 93% at any concentration of inspiratory oxygen. Acute type A aortic dissection is a lethal disease requiring emergency surgery. Compared with non-cardiac surgery, hypoxemia frequently occurs after surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection which has been reported to be 52%-67.6%, and the possible mechanisms are as followed: (1) systemic inflammatory reaction induced by massive thrombosis formation and long duration of extracorporeal circulation; (2) ischemia-perfusion injury in lung; and (3) a massive perioperative transfusion. Postoperative hypoxemia has been reported to be associated with prolonged duration of extubation, length of stay in ICU and respiratory failure, which contributes a high mortality of 20% to 44%.

Driving pressure, defined as the difference between platform airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure, was first introduced by Amato and his colleagues in their meta-analysis study on acute respiratory distress syndrome in 2015, demonstrating that driving pressure was most strongly associated with survival among various ventilation parameters. A lower driving pressure has been verified to be closely relative to an ameliorative prognosis after surgery. However, controversy persists regarding whether driving pressure-guided ventilation can decrease the incidences of postoperative hypoxemia and other pulmonary complications in the patients underwent surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection.

Given the need for additional evidence to confirm the relationship between driving pressure and postoperative hypoxemia in the patients with acute type A aortic dissection, this open-label, randomized control clinical trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of the driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation strategy in preventing hypoxemia and other pulmonary complications after the surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 43
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Yong Lin, MD; Phone Number: 13805064575; Email: birdman1983@163.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Fujian
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350001
      • Recruiting
      • Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
      • Contact: Yong Lin, MD; Phone Number: 13805064575; Email: birdman1983@163.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Able to sign Informed Consent and Release of Medical Information Forms;
2. Age ≥ 14 years and ≤ 70 years old;
3. Being confirmed the diagnosis by chest computed tomography angiography and receiving the surgical repair of acute type A aortic dissection.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age < 14 years or > 70 years old;
2. Sepsis before surgery;
3. Chronic pulmonary disease including lung infection or asthma requiring long-term pharmacotherapy;
4. History of lung tumor;
5. Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome requiring long-term noninvasive mechanical ventilation support;
6. Heart failure requiring catecholamines or invasive mechanical ventilation support;
7. Body mass index > 30 Kg·m-2;
8. Being reluctance to participate this study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Driving pressure-guided lung protective ventilation during the surgery; A 10-cycle experimental ventilation will be carried out at each level of positive end expiratory pressure after intubation, and the driving pressure of the last cycle will be recorded. The positive end expiratory pressure value corresponding to the lowest driving pressure is recognised as the optimal ventilation parameter.	Procedure: Driving pressure-guided positive end expiratory pressure; The positive end expiratory pressure setting rules are as follows: a 10-cycle experimental ventilation will be carried out at each level of positive end expiratory pressure after intubation, and the driving pressure of the last cycle will be recorded. The positive end expiratory pressure value corresponding to the lowest driving pressure is recognised as the optimal ventilation parameter. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide monitoring is employed to determine the tidal volume and respiratory rate. Inspiration/expiration pattern is adjusted based on the preoperative small airway condition. This parameter is subject to modification upon cessation of ventilation, ICU admission, and every morning throughout the ventilation period. During cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical ventilation is maintained using the low-level parameters.; Procedure: Ventilation strategy; A Pressure regulated volume control mode is used in the patients before extubation. The ventilation target are: (1) a pulse oximetry ≥ 90% or a partial pressure of arterial oxygen ≥ 60mm Hg; (2) a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide: 35 ~ 50 mm Hg and (3) a pondus hydrogenii (pH) value > 7.20. The ventilation parameters are: (1) tidal volume: 6 ~ 8 mL/Kg predictive body weight; (2) respiratory rate 10 ~ 15 cycles per minute; (3) inspiratory/expiratory ratio: 1:1.5 (1:2.5 - 1:3 in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); positive end expiratory pressure: 0 ~ 8 cm centimeter water column. On-pump ventilation parameters are: (1) tidal volume: 4 mL/Kg predictive body weight; (2) respiratory rate: 4 circles per minute; (3) positive end-expiratory pressure: 4 cm centimeter water column; (4) inspiratory oxygen fraction: 21%.; Other Names: Same part of ventilation strategy between the two groups; Procedure: Management of hypoxemia; Management of hypoxemia will be initiated immediately through the following steps: (1) carefully checking anaesthesia apparatus malfunction, airway normality, and monitoring accuracy; (2) improving cardiac function, correcting fluid overload, and alleviating systemic inflammation; (3) performing alveolar recruitment manoeuvres as described above; (4) increasing the tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure within the upper limits; (5) increasing the respiratory rate while addressing concurrent hypercapnia; (6) titrating the fraction of inspiratory oxygen until the pulse oximetry reaches or exceeds 90%; and (7) considering the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if any following situations occurred 14: (a) a partial pressure of arterial oxygen < 50 mm Hg for more than 3 hours; (b) a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio < 80 mm Hg for more than 6 hours; or (c) a critical respiratory acidosis for more than 6 hours.
Other: Conventional lung protective ventilation; Positive end expiratory pressure will be maintained at the level facilitating optimal oxygenation during the off-pump period.	Procedure: Ventilation strategy; A Pressure regulated volume control mode is used in the patients before extubation. The ventilation target are: (1) a pulse oximetry ≥ 90% or a partial pressure of arterial oxygen ≥ 60mm Hg; (2) a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide: 35 ~ 50 mm Hg and (3) a pondus hydrogenii (pH) value > 7.20. The ventilation parameters are: (1) tidal volume: 6 ~ 8 mL/Kg predictive body weight; (2) respiratory rate 10 ~ 15 cycles per minute; (3) inspiratory/expiratory ratio: 1:1.5 (1:2.5 - 1:3 in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); positive end expiratory pressure: 0 ~ 8 cm centimeter water column. On-pump ventilation parameters are: (1) tidal volume: 4 mL/Kg predictive body weight; (2) respiratory rate: 4 circles per minute; (3) positive end-expiratory pressure: 4 cm centimeter water column; (4) inspiratory oxygen fraction: 21%.; Other Names: Same part of ventilation strategy between the two groups; Procedure: Management of hypoxemia; Management of hypoxemia will be initiated immediately through the following steps: (1) carefully checking anaesthesia apparatus malfunction, airway normality, and monitoring accuracy; (2) improving cardiac function, correcting fluid overload, and alleviating systemic inflammation; (3) performing alveolar recruitment manoeuvres as described above; (4) increasing the tidal volume and positive end expiratory pressure within the upper limits; (5) increasing the respiratory rate while addressing concurrent hypercapnia; (6) titrating the fraction of inspiratory oxygen until the pulse oximetry reaches or exceeds 90%; and (7) considering the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if any following situations occurred 14: (a) a partial pressure of arterial oxygen < 50 mm Hg for more than 3 hours; (b) a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio < 80 mm Hg for more than 6 hours; or (c) a critical respiratory acidosis for more than 6 hours.; Procedure: Optimal oxygenation-guided positive end expiratory pressure; Positive end expiratory pressure will be maintained at the level facilitating optimal oxygenation during the off-pump period. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide monitoring is employed to determine the tidal volume and respiratory rate. Inspiration/expiration pattern is adjusted based on the preoperative small airway condition. This parameter is subject to modification upon cessation of ventilation, ICU admission, and every morning throughout the ventilation period. During cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical ventilation is maintained using the low-level parameters.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The incidence of postoperative hypoxemia	Postoperative hypoxemia is defined as a partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio less than 300 mm Hg or a pulse oximetry less than 93% at any concentration of inspiratory oxygen that occurred from admission to the operating room to 7 days post-surgery.	Within 7 days after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The trend of perioperative oxygenation function	An automated blood gas analyzer will be applied for arterial blood gas analyses, with the time points: T1 (before surgery), T2 (after intubation), T3 (withdrawal from cardiopulmonary bypass), T4 (end of surgery), T5 (postoperative day 1), T6 (postoperative day 3), T7 (postoperative day 5), and T8 (postoperative day 7).	Within 7 days after surgery
Postoperative pulmonary complications except hypoxemia	Postoperative pulmonary complications are defined as any postoperative respiratory system complication that occurs from admission to the intensive care unit to 7 days post-surgery, encompassing (1) respiratory infection, (2) respiratory failure, (3) bronchospasm, (4) atelectasis, (5) pleural effusion, (6) pneumothorax, and (7) aspiration pneumonitis.	Within 7 days after surgery
Early/late death	Early death was defined as any death occurring within 72 hours of surgery, while late death was considered for deaths occurring within 30 days after the surgery was scheduled.	Within 30 days after surgery
Vasoactive-inotropic score at the end of surgery	The vasoactive-inotropic score is the sum of the dosages of frequently used vasoactive or inotropic agents according to the weighted values of the enrolled patients. Vasoactive-Inotropic Score = dopamine dose (μg·kg-1·min-1) + dobutamine dose (μg·kg-1·min-1) + 100 × epinephrine dose (μg·kg-1·min-1) + 10 × phosphodiesterase inhibitor (milrinone or olprinone) dose (μg·kg-1·min-1) + 100 × norepinephrine dose (μg·kg-1·min-1) +10000 × vasopressin dose (U·kg-1·min-1).	Within 7 days after surgery
Postoperative adverse cardiovascular events	The postoperative adverse cardiovascular events include new-onset lethal arrhythmias (supraventricular/ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or Adams-Stokes syndrome), acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and thrombotic or embolic events.	Within 7 days after surgery
Length of stay in intensive care unit	The duration from admission to discharge of the ICU	Within 30 days after surgery
Ventilation assistance time	Duration from the end of the surgery to extubation.	Depending on the time point of extubation, not exceeding 30 days
Postoperative extrapulmonary complications	Postoperative extrapulmonary complications include tracheotomy, rethoracotomy for exploration, wound infection, sepsis, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and neurological complications (such as delayed recovery, delirium, cognitive dysfunction, coma, new-onset stroke, and syncope)	Within 7 days after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yong Lin, PhD
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Yong Lin, MD, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 26, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 10, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 11, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 11, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 6, 2025
• Last Verified: August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Hypoxia; Postoperative Pulmonary Complications; Aortic Dissection; Lung Protective Ventilation; Driving Pressure
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Dissection, Blood Vessel; Acute Aortic Syndrome; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Aortic Diseases; Aneurysm; Hypoxia; Aortic Dissection
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2023YF051-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No