Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Body Schema

Investigation of Body Schema as Sensorimotor Representation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Comparison With Healthy Individuals-A Case Control Study

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common form of scoliosis. Although an increasing number of studies suggest that an abnormal sensory-motor integration critically contributes to the cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis , there is uncertainty about the level of the central nervous system explaining this dysfunction. Therefore, the planned master's thesis study aims to compare proprioception, tactile acuity, right-left reasoning ability, motor imagery ability, including the evaluation of body schema, which is a sensorimotor representation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with healthy individuals. In addition, the relationship of these markers with posture results, body perception and quality of life of individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis will be investigated as a secondary aim.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis; Body Schema
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Assesment

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 90

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Turkey
    • Istanbul, Turkey, Turkey (Türkiye), +90
      • Acibadem University
    • Istanbul, Turkey, Turkey (Türkiye), +90
      • Maslak Acıbadem

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis consulting a surgeon and adolescent healthy/untreated population consulting a surgeon

Description

Inclusion Criteria (Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis)

• Diagnosis of Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
• Age <19 years old
• Curve severity over 10°

Exclusion Criteria (Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis)

• History of spine surgery
• Surgery or trauma
• Secondary scoliosis
• Unable to fill out the questionnaires or attend the physical examination,
• History of musculoskeletal injury in the last six months
• Known systematic and psychological illness
• Use of prescription medication

Inclusion Criteria (adolescent healthy/untreated population)

-Age < 19 years Matched for age/height/weight (+/-5 years; +/- 10 lbs; +/- 10cm) to a scoliosis participant

Exclusion Criteria (adolescent healthy/untreated population)

• History of spine surgery
• Spine deformity
• Surgery or trauma
• Primer and Secondary scoliosis
• Unable to fill out the questionnaires or attend the physical examination,
• History of musculoskeletal injury in the last six months
• Known systematic and psychological illness
• Use of prescription medication

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Healthy control	Other: Assesment; All assessments will be made
Patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis	Other: Assesment; All assessments will be made

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The two-point discrimination test	The two-point discrimination test is used to assess if the patient is able to identify two close points on a small area of skin, and how fine the ability to discriminate this are. It is a measure of tactile agnosia, or the inability to recognize these two points despite intact cutaneous sensation and proprioception	Baseline
Left/right discrimination (Lateralization)	Right-Left Discrimination will be evaluated with Recognise™ applications (Back) developed by the "Neuro Orthopedic Institute".	Baseline
Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire	Motor imagery ability will be assessed with the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). The participant gives a score between 1 and 5 for the image he/she imagines: "1 point: no image, 5 points: as clear as the original." This process is repeated for each task and at the end of the survey, kinesthetic imagery score, visual imagery score and total score are calculated.	Baseline
Lumbar proprioception test	In both groups, thoracic and lumbar repositioning accuracy will be measured and evaluated using the dual inclinometer system.	Baseline
Pressure Pain Threshold	A digital pressure algometer will be applied to the web space of the foot opposite the trigger point. Participants are instructed to say "stop" or "pain" so the stimulus can be terminated "when the sensation first transitions from pressure to pain" (pain threshold).	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
4D DIERS FORMETIC	In this study, the newly developed 4D DIERS FORMETIC movable spine and surface topography evaluation device will be used. This device is equipped with a digital network camera that allows measurements at a maximum frequency of up to 50 frames per second. The camera uses CMOS sensors with a resolution of 1280x1024 pixels. Thanks to these sensors and reflective markers, measurements are reconstructed in 3D. Thus, it allows real-time evaluation of posture parameters. Evaluation is done without radiation and without contact.	baseline
Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire--Scoliosis Version	It is a seven-item instrument that measures body image disturbance. It assesses (1) concern about body part(s) felt to be unattractive; (2) preoccupation with the concern(s); (3) experiences of emotional distress about appearance; (4) impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning; (5) interference with social life, school, job, or role functioning; (6) avoidance of activities because of appearance; and (7) behavioral avoidance10,26. Using a rating scale from 1 to 5 (with 1 = not at all concerned, and 5 = extremely concerned) to measure each of these items and a mean score for the seven items, the BIDQ allows for continuous, quantitative measurement. Higher scores reflect more severe body image disturbance	Baseline
Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale	It is a scale that scores the severity of curvature by focusing on the person's perception of posture. It is divided into 7 parameters including body curvature, rib prominence, lumbar prominence, head-rib-pelvis positional relationship, head-pelvis relationship, shoulder level and scapula rotation. A high score means that the perceived deformity is high.	Baseline
Scoliosis Research Society 22	It is a quality of life questionnaire which consists of 22 questions assessing 5 quality of life domains: Function, Pain, Self-Image, Mental health (5 questions), satisfaction (2 questions). Each category is rated on 5. The categories are summed and divided by 5 to have a total score on 5 points. 5 is the best score and 1 the worst	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Acibadem University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 15, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 15, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): May 15, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 10, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 10, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): July 16, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 26, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 21, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Spinal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Spinal Curvatures; Scoliosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: ATADEK-2024/9/343

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No