Effect and Safety of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride vs Placebo in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infaction: A Randomized Clinical Trial (FEND-AMI)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride on the basis of standard treatment after PCI in STEMI patients.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Fexofenadine Hydrochloride; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

Background: Cardiac fibrosis caused by acute myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death for cardiovascular disease patients in China. Previous research found that expression of FMO2 in heart significantly decreased after myocardial infarction. Overexpression of FMO2 in cardiac fibroblasts using lentivirus can reduce collagen deposition and improve cardiac function, which suggest that FMO2 can be a target for treating cardiac fibrosis. The investigators used the FDA drug library to screen drugs that promote FMO2 expression, then validated the top ranked candidate drug and found that fexofenadine hydrochloride had the most significant effect. Animal experiments found that fexofenadine significantly improved the heart function and reduced heart fibrosis in mice after myocardial infarction and has no significant side effects on liver or kidney function. Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is a third-generation H1 receptor antagonist mainly used to treat allergic diseases such as seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticarial. However, currently no study evaluates the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride in treating acute myocardial infarction in human.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride on the basis of standard treatment after PCI in STEMI patients.

Study design: This study is a prospective, multi-center, double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. The study objects are STEMI patients: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤50%, and primary PCI was performed. Participants will be randomly assigned to control group and fexofenadine group in a 1:1 ratio. The control group will receive placebo 3 days after primary PCI for 6 months based on the standard treatment. The fexofenadine group will receive fexofenadine hydrochloride 60mg bid 3 days after primary PCI for 6 months on the basis of standard treatment, and both groups will be followed up for 6 months.

Outcome measure: The primary outcome is late gadolinium enhancement/left ventricular mass (LGE/LV mass%). The secondary outcomes are left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF%), left ventricular end-systolic volume/body surface area (LVESV/BSA%), left ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area (LVEDV/BSA%), extracellular volume (ECV), intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), stroke volume, peri-infarct zone, BNP, VO2 max, SAQ scale score, drug-associated adverse events and incidence of MACE (including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, readmission due to heart failure).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 152
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Yinchuan Xu, PhD; Phone Number: 86-13968126628; Email: lsyrmxyc@126.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Feimu Zhang, MSt; Phone Number: 86-18888915610; Email: feimuzhang@zju.edu.cn

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310000
      • Recruiting
      • The 2nd Affiliated Hopital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
      • Contact: Prof. Yinchuan Xu; Phone Number: 86-13968126628; Email: lsyrmxyc@126.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages above 18;
• Being able to verbally confirm understanding of the trial risks, benefits, and treatment options of receiving treatment with fexofenadine hydrochloride. He/she or his/her legal representative shall provide written informed consent before participating in the clinical trial.

• Meet the diagnostic criteria for STEMI, the diagnostic criteria includes:

  1. Clinical symptoms: ischemic chest pain lasting for over 30 minites;
  2. Elevated serum cTn: at least once higher than the upper limit of normal values (99th percentile of the reference upper limit);
  3. ST segment elevation: new ST segment elevation in two or more adjacent leads on the ECG;
• Emergency coronary angiography and revascularization should be performed;
• Ultrasonic cardiogram indicates regional wall motion abnormality, and transthoracic echocardiography shows LVEF ≤ 50% within 72 hours after revascularization.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Long term use of fexofenadine hydrochloride or other H1 receptor inhibitors;
• Previously suffered from myocardial infarction or received coronary artery bypass grafting;
• Patients with concomitant cardiomyopathy or valve disease;
• History of severe renal failure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30ml/min;
• History of severe liver dysfunction;
• Concurrent severe infections, or liver/gallbladder obstruction, or history of malignant tumors;
• Currently receiving immunosuppressive therapy;
• Pregnant or potentially pregnant and breastfeeding women;
• Contraindications for fexofenadine hydrochloride or cardiac magnetic resonance examinations;
• Without obtaining written informed consent.
• Patients with hemodynamic instability.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Participants will receive a matched 60mg placebo tablet orally twice a day for 6 months, which was added to the standard treatment.	Other: Placebo; Placebo administration for 6 months on the basis of standard treatment.
Experimental: Fexofenadine hydrochloride; Fexofenadine hydrochloride 60mg bid was added to the standard treatment 3 days after the completion of primary PCI and CMR examination for 6 months.	Drug: Fexofenadine Hydrochloride; Fexofenadine hydrochloride 60mg bid treatment for 6 months on the basis of standard treatment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Late gadolinium enhancement/Left ventricular mass (LGE/LV%)	The difference of LGE/LV% from baseline. LGE/LV% will be assessed by CMR.	6 months after myocardial infarction

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)	The difference of LVEF from baseline. LVEF will be assessed by CMR.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Left ventricular end-systolic volume/body surface area (LVESV/BSA%)	The difference of LVESV/BSA% from baseline. LVESV will be assessed by CMR and BSA will be calculated by height and weight.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area (LVEDV/BSA%)	The difference of LVEDV/BSA% from baseline. LVEDV will be assessed by CMR and BSA will be calculated by height and weight.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)	The difference of LVEF from baseline. LVEF will be assessed by UCG.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Left ventricular end-systolic volume/body surface area (LVESV/BSA%)	The difference of LVESV/BSA% from baseline. LVESV will be assessed by UCG and BSA will be calculated by height and weight.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area (LVEDV/BSA%)	The difference of LVEDV/BSA% from baseline. LVEDV will be assessed by UCG and BSA will be calculated by height and weight.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Extracellular volume (ECV)	The difference of ECV from baseline. ECV will be assessed by CMR.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH)	Analysis of differences of IMH from baseline.	6 months after myocardial infarction
stroke volume	Analysis of differences of stroke volume from baseline.	6 months after myocardial infarction
peri-infarct zone	Analysis of differences of peri-infarct zone from baseline.	6 months after myocardial infarction
BNP	Analysis of differences of BNP from baseline.	6 months after myocardial infarction
VO2 max	Analysis of VO2 max.	6 months after myocardial infarction
SAQ scale score	Analysis of SAQ scale score.	6 months after myocardial infarction
Drug-associated adverse reaction	Heart, nerve system, mental system, digestive system and immune system reactions.	1 month, 3 months and 6 months after myocardial infarction
Incidence of MACE	Incidence of Cardiac death, myocardial infarction and readmission due to heart failure.	6 months after myocardial infarction

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Xinyang Hu, PhD, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 20, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 25, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 8, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): August 12, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 10, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 5, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Heart Diseases; Infarction; Necrosis; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Infarction; Ischemia; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Allergic Agents; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine Antagonists; Histamine Agents; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; fexofenadine
• Other Study ID Numbers: YAN2024-0866

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No