3D Printed Enlarged Carpal Models for Anatomy Training

Investigation of the Effect of Magnified Carpal Bones Produced With High Resolution 3D Resin Printer on Students' Theoretical and Practical Anatomy Grades and Learning Levels

3D modeling enables medical professionals or students to better understand complex structures. In many studies, 3D printed models have been used in the training, treatment and surgery of medical disciplines such as neuroscience, cardiovascular surgery and otolaryngology. In addition, 3D modeling allows patients' magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images to be transferred to 3D printers to print these complex structures.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Educational Problems; Anatomical Pathological Condition
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %100 3D Printed Carpal Model Group; Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %50 3D Printed Carpal Model Group; Other: Anatomy Training with Conventional Carpal Models

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 126
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Merkez
    • Bolu, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 14100
      • Faculty of Health Sciences Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Willing to participate
• Titmus stereopsis score >40 arc/s

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous experience of carpal bones models either in real world or virtual reality
• History of upper extremity trauma in past 6 months
• Total or partial eye sight lost

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: 3D Printed Model Group Enlarged %100; carpal bone models printed on a 3D resin printer and enlarged by 100% will be used for students' anatomy practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.	Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %100 3D Printed Carpal Model Group; After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 60 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. Then they will take the practical lesson with carpal bones printed with 100% magnification on a 3D printer for 60 minutes.
Other: 3D Printed Model Group Enlarged %50; carpal bone models printed on a 3D resin printer and enlarged by 50% will be used for students' anatomy practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.	Other: Anatomy Training with Enlarged %50 3D Printed Carpal Model Group; After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 30 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. Then they will take the practical lesson with carpal bones printed with 50% magnification on a 3D printer for 60 minutes.
Active Comparator: Control Group; Standard carpal bone models will be used for student's anatomical practical training. Each student will examine the models with direct manipulation for 15 minutes after the theoretical lecture.	Other: Anatomy Training with Conventional Carpal Models; After completing the general terminology part of the anatomy education in the first year, the participants will be recruited without moving on to the hand section of the upper extremity. Participants will undergo a 2-hour extra-curricular training, 60 minutes theoretical and 60 minutes practical. The training period will consist of 60 minutes of practical and theoretical lectures to be the same as the time allocated in the normal curriculum of the region. A 60-minute theoretical lecture on the anatomy of the carpal bone supported by 2-dimensional anatomical pictures will be given to both groups at the same time. They will then have a 60 minutes practical lesson with a standard sized printed model.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quiz Scores	In order to measure the anatomical terminology and general knowledge of the students, a general test will be applied before the pre-test and the groups will be distributed according to this test score. Then, a total of 20 theoretical and 20 practical questions of 10 questions each will be prepared to be used in the pre-test and post-test. The questions will be under the headings of bony prominences, neighborhood, important structures, adhesion sites and function.	1 hour

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Model rating with Visual Analogue Scale	After the completion of the final exam, a visual analog scale will be used to evaluate the model. Participants will mark the level of detail, appropriateness of weight, ease of learning, ease of grasping and direct manipulation, and ease of distinguishing details/details on a 10 cm long straight line.	1 hour
Test Anxiety Inventory	A short version of the 5-item Test Anxiety Inventory consisting of 5 questions will be used to examine whether there is a change in the amount of anxiety students experience during the exam.	1 hour
Academic motivation Scale	The Test-Taking Motivation questionnaire scale will be used to assess the motivation of the participants. The scale consists of 22 questions and 7 subscales and assesses amotivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.	1 hour
Enjoyment and Ease of Use Assessmen	Participants will fill out a feedback questionnaire regarding the learning instruments using visual analogue scale.	1 hour

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Abant Izzet Baysal University
• Collaborators: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Ramazan Kurul, Ph.D, Abant Izzet Baysal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): March 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 11, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 11, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): October 15, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 2, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Resin; Segmentation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical
• Other Study ID Numbers: AIBU-FTR-RK-09

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: data of this study will be available after the publication of the study and will be usable upon citing the related article
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: After the publication of the study
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: upon citing the related article
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No