Analysis of Single Respiratory Viral Infections Versus Co-infections: Prevalence and ICU Needs in Hospitalized Adults

July 6, 2025 updated by: Özlem Güler, Kocaeli University

Analysis of Single Respiratory Viral Infections Versus Co-infections in the Post-pandemic Era: Prevalence and ICU Needs in Hospitalized Adults

The objective of our study is to investigate the prevalence of viral respiratory infections in inpatients following the end of the pandemic. Additionally, the prevalence of patients co-infected with multiple viruses simultaneously will be assessed.

In the secondary part of the study, the development of respiratory tract infections, the need for intensive care, and mortality rates within seven days will also be evaluated, and risk factors for patients with a more severe clinical course will be statistically calculated.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

This study aims to determine the prevalence of viral respiratory agents in hospitalized patients post-COVID-19 and to examine the clinical course of respiratory viral co-infections, which are expected to be more severe.

This study will be conducted retrospectively at Kocaeli University Hospital between May 2023, considered the end date of the pandemic, and January 2024. Patients over 18 years of age will be included, and data will be accessed through the hospital automation system. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive symptoms and those expected to use molnupiravir due to the need for treatment will be considered as COVID-19. Respiratory tract agents will be detected by multiplex PCR from symptomatic inpatients. All patients with influenza will also receive oseltamivir. The distribution of viruses, the need for intensive care hospitalization, and whether they cause death within seven days, as well as the prevalence, clinical course, and risk factors of viral co-infections expected to be clinically more severe in the literature, will also be examined

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

231

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Kocaeli, Turkey
        • Kocaeli University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population includes patients over 18 years of age who are hospitalized, have symptoms of respiratory tract infection, and have a positive result for a respiratory tract virus detected by PCR. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive symptoms who require antiviral treatment will be classified as cases of COVID-19.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients over 18 years of age
  • Patients admitted to our clinic or consulted to infectious diseases from other inpatient services.
  • Patients diagnosed with upper or lower respiratory tract infections due to viral agents

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients infected with bacterial agents will not be included in the study.
  • Patients admitted from the outpatient clinic were not included in the study plan.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Viral respiratory infection
Symptomatic and verified viral upper respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients
Viral respiratory co-infection
Inpatients who are symptomatic and infected with more than one respiratory virus simultaneously

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Prevalence of Single and Co-infections in Respiratory Viral Infections
Time Frame: On 12 January 2025, the retrospective analysis of patients was started. The study is expected to be completed within 3 months.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of single respiratory viral infections and co-infections in hospitalized adults after COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessment Tool: Hospital automation system for patient demographic and clinical data, and multiplex PCR testing for pathogen detection.

Unit of Measure:

Percentage of patients with each viral infections
On 12 January 2025, the retrospective analysis of patients was started. The study is expected to be completed within 3 months.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Risk Factors and Rates of ICU Admission and Mortality in Respiratory Viral Infections
Time Frame: On 12 January 2025, the retrospective analysis of patients was started. The study is expected to be completed within 3 months.

Objective: To assess the risk factors for ICU admission and seven-day mortality in patients with respiratory viral infections Assessment Tool: Patient records for ICU admission and mortality data, combined with statistical analysis to identify risk factors.

Unit of Measure:

Odds ratios for ICU admission and mortality.
On 12 January 2025, the retrospective analysis of patients was started. The study is expected to be completed within 3 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Kocaeli University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Özlem Güler, Assist. Prof, Kocaeli University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 12, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 7, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

July 7, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 12, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

January 16, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

July 8, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 6, 2025

Last Verified

July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • GOKAEK-2024/05.17 2024/140

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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