Efficacy and Safety of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (WJ-MSC)

Efficacy and Safety of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study effeciency and safety of WJ-MSC derived exosomes in DFU healing

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Exosomes; Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU)
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: WJ-MSC- Exosomes; Combination product: SOC (Standard of care); Other: Vehicle (placebo)

Detailed Description

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting a substantial proportion of patients and often leading to severe morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs [1]. The management of DFUs remains a considerable challenge due to their chronic nature and the complex interplay of factors that impede healing, including poor blood circulation, neuropathy, and infection and this leads to the increase in the number of amputations [2].

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising globally, with projections of affected individuals increasing from 463 million in 2019 to 642 million by 2040 [3], particularly in regions like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), where Egypt ranks among the top 10 countries with the highest diabetes prevalence [4].Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and debilitating complication of DM, with a lifetime risk of 19-34% among diabetic patients and accounting for 85% of diabetic lower-limb amputations (DLLA) [5, 6].These ulcers significantly contribute to morbidity, prolonged hospitalizations, and a high socio-economic burden while being associated with post-amputation mortality rates of 24.6% within 5 years and 45.4% within 10 years [7].

The scale of this challenge demands urgent attention to innovative, cost-effective interventions to alleviate both human suffering and financial strain[8], various approaches have been developed to enhance healing and prevent recurrence, such as advanced wound dressings, offloading techniques, and the use of growth factors or skin substitutes [9]. But they are still far from ideal. As such, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies that can effectively promote wound healing and improve patient outcomes. applications.

In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) - derived exosomes have garnered attention in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated the ability to modulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and enhance tissue repair across various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, and chronic wounds [10].

Traditionally, bone marrow (BM) has been the primary source of pluripotent MSCs. However, harvesting BM requires an invasive procedure, and with advancing age, the quantity, differentiation potential, and lifespan of BM-derived MSCs decline significantly So alternative sources such as the umbilical cord and adipose tissue (AD) have gained attention [11] . Among these, umbilical cord-derived MSCs, specifically those from Wharton's jelly (WJ), known as Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have unique properties. WJ-MSCs are highly accessible, ethically uncontroversial, and offer significant advantages, including a strong differentiation potential and an immunoprivileged status. Moreover, they exhibit characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells including rapid cell division and high expansion capacity[12].

Experimental evidence suggests that WJ-MSCs demonstrate superior proliferation potential compared other MSC such as adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs). These properties position WJ-MSCs as an attractive option for regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications [13, 14].

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of the topical application of WJ-MSC-derived exosomes in patients with chronic DFUs, thereby exploring a potential new treatment paradigm for this debilitating condition. The outcomes of this research could not only enhance healing rates but also significantly improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from chronic diabetic foot ulcers.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 110
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, 33511
    • kafr elshaikh university Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:1. Adults aged 18 years or older with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

2. Presence of a chronic DFU persisting for more than six weeks or showing less than 30% reduction in size after a seven-day standard of care (SOC) management.

3. Ulcers located on the plantar, medial, or lateral aspects of the foot with a size <30 cm².

4. Patients with neuropathic, ischemic, or mixed neuropathic-ischemic ulcers. 5. Revascularization performed for ischemic ulcers before enrollment.

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Exclusion Criteria:1. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. 2. Presence of venous ulcers or active infections. 3. Exposure of bone, ligaments, or tendons.

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Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Treated group; 40 patients received standard of care (SOC) with Wharton jelly derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ - MSC) exosome gel once weekly for 4 weeks followed by follow up for 16 weeks	Drug: WJ-MSC- Exosomes; warton jelly derived mesenschymal stem cell derived exosomes dissolved in CMC; Combination product: SOC (Standard of care); Wound depridement for necrotic parts , local antibiotic , dressing , unloading
Other: Control group; 35 patients received standard of care (SOC) only for 4 weeks followed by follow-up for 16 weeks.	Combination product: SOC (Standard of care); Wound depridement for necrotic parts , local antibiotic , dressing , unloading
Placebo Comparator: Placebo group; 35 patients received received a visually identical saline-based formulation once weekly for 4 weeks followed by follow up for 16 weeks together with SOC	Combination product: SOC (Standard of care); Wound depridement for necrotic parts , local antibiotic , dressing , unloading; Other: Vehicle (placebo); Vehicle for the MSC-EXO

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Ulcer healing	measuring the percent of wound closure compared to the baseline	20 week

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kafrelsheikh University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 6, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 6, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): September 2, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 2, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): February 6, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 29, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 25, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer; Exosomes; WJ-MSC
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetes Complications; Skin Diseases; Skin Ulcer; Leg Ulcer; Diabetic Neuropathies; Foot Diseases; Ulcer; Diabetic Foot; Foot Ulcer
• Other Study ID Numbers: WJ-MSC-exo in diabetic foot

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: iam not sure i will share patient private data untill i have aprovement from them

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No