Effect of the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients' Outcomes

Following CABG surgery, patients are at risk for several complications. One of the most common complications is postoperative pulmonary complications, which include atelectasis and dyspnea. These complications cause prolonged ICU length of stay and increased health care costs. Several studies recommended the active cycle of breathing technique as a method that increases secretion removal and improves lung functions, thus reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Our study aims to investigate the effect of the active cycle of breathing technique on coronary artery bypass graft patients' outcomes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD)
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Active Cycle of Breathing Technique

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 92
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Dakahliya
    • Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
      • Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Any adult patient who will undergo CABG

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mechanically ventilated patients on the first postoperative day.
• Patients with preoperative lung collapse or pleural effusion.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Active Cycle of Breathing Technique; Patients who will perform ACBT exercises in addition to the routine ICU care.	Other: Active Cycle of Breathing Technique; Patients will assume the sitting position and relax their shoulders, then perform the following:Breathing control (abdominal breathing)Chest expansion (thoracic breathing)Huff cough (forced expiratory technique); After completing the above actions, patients will be asked to cough up the residual deep sputum to promote pulmonary expansion.; The ACBT intervention will be performed for three days, each day two sessions, each session three courses, with 10 minutes of rest between them as needed.
No Intervention: Control Group; Patients who will receive routine ICU care (chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometer) without ACBT.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Atelectasis	Atelectasis will be assessed using chest X-rays.	The first three postoperative days
Dyspnea	Dyspnea level will be assessed using the modified Borg scale.	The first three postoperative days
Functional capacity	Functional capacity will be assessed using the six-minute walk test	The first three postoperative days
Hemodynamic parameters	Hemodynamic parameters will include respiratory rate expressed as the number of cycles per minute, which will be assessed using the cardiac monitor	The first three postoperative days
Chest expansion	Chest expansion will be measured at three points (axillary, xiphoid point, and umbilical level) using a measuring tape in centimeters.	The first three postoperative days
Duration of chest tube	Duration of chest tube	Up to 1 week
Length of ICU stay	Measure the duration of the patient's ICU stay	For up to 1 week
Hemodynamic Parameters	Hemodynamic parameters will include oxygen saturation, which will be assessed using the pulse oximeter and will be expressed as a percentage %	For the first three postoperative days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mansoura University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 10, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 20, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): May 25, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 18, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 27, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): April 4, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 10, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 8, 2025
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: CABG; Postoperative Pulmonary Complications; Hemodynamic parameters; Chest expansion; ACBT; Chest tube duration
• Other Study ID Numbers: 320 (Registry Identifier: Ethical Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No