Comparison of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Atherogenic Indices Between Patients With Lipedema and Obese Controls

Comparison of Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Atherogenic Indices Between Patients With Lipedema and Obese Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Women aged 18-75 years with a clinical diagnosis of lipedema and an obese control group will be included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data (age, height, weight, medications, etc.) of the participants will be recorded. For laboratory evaluation, fasting blood test results obtained within the last three months (including fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides) will be used. Based on these parameters, metabolic and atherogenic risk indicators such as the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG), TyG-BMI, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli Risk Index I (CRI-I), and Castelli Risk Index II (CRI-II) will be calculated. No additional biochemical tests will be collected from participants; analyses will be performed using existing laboratory results.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lipedema
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: No intervention

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 140

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

obese patients with and without lipedema

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinically diagnosed with lipedema
• Obese control group with BMI ≥30 kg/m² who do not meet lipedema criteria
• Aged between 18 and 75 years
• Availability of fasting lipid profile and fasting glucose tests within the past 3 months
• Provided voluntary informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of medications that routinely affect lipid or glucose metabolism: statins, fibrates, niacin, ezetimibe, high-dose omega-3 supplements, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, or systemic corticosteroids (regular use within the past 3 months)
• Presence of rheumatologic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) or active malignancy
• Neurological disorders (e.g., polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, history of stroke)
• Pregnancy or lactation
• History of lower extremity surgery or major trauma within the past 6 months
• Received injection therapy or physical therapy for the lower extremities within the past 6 months
• Active infection or dermatological disease affecting the lower extremities
• History of significant venous insufficiency or acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• Alcohol or substance abuse
• Smoking

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Lipedema group; Obese patients with lipedema	Other: No intervention; No intervention
Control group; Obese patients without lipedema	Other: No intervention; No intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG):	The TyG index will be calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL) / 2]. It serves as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance. Higher values indicate greater metabolic risk.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
TyG-BMI	Calculated by multiplying the TyG index by body mass index (BMI). Higher values indicate increased insulin resistance and metabolic risk.	Baseline
Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP):	Calculated as log (triglycerides / HDL-cholesterol). Higher AIP values reflect greater atherogenic risk.	Baseline
Atherogenic Coefficient (AC):	Calculated as (total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol) / HDL-cholesterol. Higher scores indicate higher atherogenic potential.	Baseline
Castelli Risk Index I (CRI-I):	Calculated as total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol. Higher values indicate increased cardiovascular risk.	Baseline
Castelli Risk Index II (CRI-II):	Calculated as LDL-cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol. Higher scores represent greater atherogenic risk.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 10, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 10, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): November 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 16, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 16, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 20, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 20, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 16, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Connective Tissue Diseases; Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases; Lipedema
• Other Study ID Numbers: istftreah1

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No