Partial vs Total Knee Replacement for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study (UKA vs TKA)

Unicompartimental vs Total Knee Arthroplasty for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis: a Prospective, Ramdomized, Controlled Study

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether partial knee replacement (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, UKA) or total knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty, TKA) leads to better clinical and functional outcomes in adults with medial knee osteoarthritis who are candidates for knee arthroplasty.

The main questions the study aims to answer are:

• Does UKA or TKA result in better patient-reported outcomes, such as knee pain, function, and quality of life (measured by Oxford Knee Score, WOMAC, and Knee Society Score)?
• Does UKA or TKA lead to differences in complications or revision rates during follow-up?

Researchers will compare UKA to TKA to see whether one procedure provides superior postoperative recovery, knee function, and long-term outcomes under standard clinical care conditions.

Participants will:

• Receive either a unicompartmental or total knee replacement, assigned by randomization.
• Undergo routine postoperative examinations, including standardized questionnaires (e.g., Oxford Knee Score, WOMAC, Knee Society Score, VAS).
• Attend follow-up visits at standard clinical intervals (e.g., 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and beyond).

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; Procedure: total knee arthroplasty

Detailed Description

Medial knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that often leads to significant pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. When conservative treatments are no longer effective, surgical joint replacement is a standard therapeutic option. Two established procedures are unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), which replaces the diseased medial compartment, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Both procedures are widely used, but it remains unclear which option provides better outcomes for patients who specifically present with isolated medial osteoarthritis.

This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial aims to systematically compare the functional, radiological, and patient-reported outcomes of UKA and TKA performed under routine clinical care conditions. The study is conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology at the Medical University of Graz. Adult patients with isolated medial knee osteoarthritis who meet established clinical and radiographic criteria for knee arthroplasty are eligible for participation.

All surgical procedures are performed using standard techniques and implants currently approved and used in routine practice. Postoperative follow-up follows the usual clinical schedule (e.g., 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years), with additional long-term clinical and radiological assessments as part of institutional standard care. During these visits, participants complete validated patient-reported outcome measures, including the Oxford Knee Score, WOMAC, Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and Visual Analog Scale for pain. Radiographs are collected to assess implant position and alignment.

The study seeks to determine whether one of the two surgical approaches results in superior knee function, less postoperative pain, faster recovery, or lower complication and revision rates. Findings from this trial may support evidence-based decision-making for surgeons and patients considering knee arthroplasty for isolated medial knee osteoarthritis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 102
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Austria
  • Graz, Austria, 8036
    • Department for orthopedics and traumatology of Medical University of Graz
    • Contact: Julia von der Linden, Dr. med. Dr. med. univ.; Phone Number: +436642237263; Email: julia.vonderlinden@uniklinikum.kages.at

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• written consent, 4th degree medial osteoarthritis, max 1st degree lateral osteoarthritis, max. 2nd degree osteoarthritis in patellofemoral joint

Exclusion Criteria:

• from 2nd degree lateral osteoarthritis, from 3nd degree osteoarthritis in patellofemoral joint, non-compensatable varus or valgus misalignment above 10 degrees, non-consent, age under 40 / over 90, st.p. fracture of the femur and or tibi, infection, st.p. joint replacement or osteotomy in the area of the knee joint, simultaneus bilateral care, pregnany

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: UKA; patients receiving a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty	Procedure: unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using standard surgical technique and routine postoperative care
Active Comparator: TKA; patients receiving a total knee arthroplasty	Procedure: total knee arthroplasty; total knee arthroplasty using standard surgical technique and routine postoperative care

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
clinical functional outcome (KOOS)	KOOS evaluates patient reported knee function, pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Higher score indicates better outcomes.	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
complication rate within 12 months	include infection, thromboembolic events, reintervention, and other adverse events	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Medical University of Graz

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): January 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2031

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 20, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): December 2, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 2, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: randomized controlled trial; total knee replacement; unicompartmental; knee arthroplasty; knee prosthesis; partial knee replacement
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Surgical Procedures, Operative; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Arthroplasty; Orthopedic Procedures; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prosthesis Implantation; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1404/2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No