Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Metabolic Health in Overweight/Obesity in U.S. Adults

February 12, 2026 updated by: Jiang Peng, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Metabolic Health in Overweight/Obesity in U.S. Adults: Evidence From NHANES: 2003-2020

This cross-sectional study draws on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The primary objective is to investigate the associations between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and overweight/obesity, as well as the related metabolic abnormalities, among the U.S. general population. By analyzing this large-scale, nationally representative dataset, the investigators seek to generate evidence that can inform public health policies and clinical practice-ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of population-level health challenges and the development of targeted strategies to address them.

Study Overview

Status

Withdrawn

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Chongqing Municipality
      • Chongqing, Chongqing Municipality, China, 401331
        • University Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. It includes participants aged 18 and above with complete data on dietary antioxidant index and body mass index, representing a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participants with complete data on composite dietary antioxidant index from the NHANES database
  • Participants with complete body mass index (BMI) data from the NHANES database
  • Individuals aged 18 years and older

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants with missing key data (composite dietary antioxidant index or BMI)
  • Individuals who are pregnant

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
CDAI Q1 (Lowest Quartile)
Other: None (Observational)
This is an observational study with no active intervention implemented. Its primary aim is to analyze the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and overweight/obesity, as well as the associated metabolic abnormalities, using the dataset-with no experimental manipulation involved.
CDAI Q2 (Second Quartile)
Other: None (Observational)
This is an observational study with no active intervention implemented. Its primary aim is to analyze the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and overweight/obesity, as well as the associated metabolic abnormalities, using the dataset-with no experimental manipulation involved.
CDAI Q3 (Third Quartile)
Other: None (Observational)
This is an observational study with no active intervention implemented. Its primary aim is to analyze the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and overweight/obesity, as well as the associated metabolic abnormalities, using the dataset-with no experimental manipulation involved.
CDAI Q4 (Highest Quartile)
Other: None (Observational)
This is an observational study with no active intervention implemented. Its primary aim is to analyze the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and overweight/obesity, as well as the associated metabolic abnormalities, using the dataset-with no experimental manipulation involved.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overweight/Obesity Assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI)
Time Frame: Baseline: Data collection for calculating BMI occurs during the specific NHANES survey cycle relevant to this study (single - time - point cross - sectional assessment).
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). According to the World Health Organization's classification, a BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m² is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30.0 kg/m² or higher is considered obese. Data on weight and height will be obtained from the NHANES dataset.
Baseline: Data collection for calculating BMI occurs during the specific NHANES survey cycle relevant to this study (single - time - point cross - sectional assessment).
Metabolic Phenotype Classification (Metabolically Healthy vs. Unhealthy) Assessed by NCEP ATP III Metabolic Syndrome Components
Time Frame: Baseline: Data on metabolic components for phenotype classification will be collected during the corresponding NHANES survey cycle for this study, reflecting a single-time-point cross-sectional assessment.

Metabolic phenotypes are classified as metabolically healthy or unhealthy based on the components of metabolic syndrome defined in the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Waist circumference data is not used in this classification due to its high correlation with BMI.

A participant is defined as metabolically healthy if they have none or only one of the following four metabolic abnormalities: (1) Serum triglycerides (TG) ≥ 150 mg/dL; (2) Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women; (3) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or use of hypoglycemic drugs; (4) Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs.

A participant is defined as metabolically unhealthy if they have two or more of the above metabolic abnormalities. Relevant data will be retrieved from the NHANES database.
Baseline: Data on metabolic components for phenotype classification will be collected during the corresponding NHANES survey cycle for this study, reflecting a single-time-point cross-sectional assessment.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 4, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

August 6, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 29, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 4, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

December 18, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 12, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NHANES_CrossSec_2025_01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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