Dairy Consumption and Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: a Meta-analysis.

September 27, 2022 updated by: Nerea Becerra Tomás, RD PhD, Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili

Associations Between Dairy Consumption and the Prevalence and Incidence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

According to statistics from the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), taking into account the definition of overweight and obesity recommended by the International Obesity Task Fort (IOTF), the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in European children aged 7 to 17 years is 16-22% and the prevalence of obesity is 4-6%.

Some review studies3 and meta-analysis4,5 have reported an inverse relationship between dairy products consumption and the prevalence or incidence of overweight and obesity. However, some methodological issues arise from these analyses. For instance, the combination of studies with different exposures (e.g. full fat milk, total milk) in the total dairy product analysis. Moreover, since the publication of the lasts meta-analysis in 2016, new epidemiological studies evaluating the association between dairy product consumption and overweight or obesity risk have been published.

Objective The aim of this work is to systematically review and assess the associations between total dairy consumption and its different subtypes with the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Searches: We will search the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed) and The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

The search strategy will include only terms relating to or describing the exposure. There will be no language restrictions.

Data extraction (selection and coding):

In the first step duplicate studies will be removed. Secondly, studies will be screened based on the title and abstract in order to exclude those that do not meet the inclusion criteria. In the last step, articles will be reviewed in full to select those that meet all the inclusion criteria.

Two reviewers (LL and MM) will independently extract relevant data and assess the risk of bias following a standardize proforma. Relevant data will include:

  • Authors, journal and year of publication
  • Title
  • Study design
  • Study name
  • Country/location of study
  • Sample size
  • Characteristics of the subjects
  • Follow-up duration (for prospective cohort studies)
  • Health status
  • Sources of funding
  • Type of exposure and assessment method
  • Outcome and assessment method
  • Odd ratios, risk ratios or hazard ratios and 95%CI
  • Statistical analyses

Risk of bias (quality) assessment:

Two review authors will independently assess the risk of bias in included studies by considering the following tools: The New-Castle Ottawa scale will be used to assessed the quality of the included prospective cohort studies, whereas the NIH National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Study quality assessment tools will be used for cross-sectional studies. Any disagreement will be solved by consensus or consulting with a third author (NB-T).

Strategy for data synthesis The meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions and results will be reported following the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The generic inverse-variance method with random-effects models or fixed-effects models, when at least 5 or less than 5 comparisons are available, respectively, will be used to obtain summary estimates. Inter-study heterogeneity will be assessed by the Cochrane Q statistics (p<0.10 will be considered significant) and quantified by the I2 statistic (≥ 50% will indicate substantial heterogeneity). Possible sources of heterogeneity will be explored by conducting sensitivity analyses, in which one study will be systematically removed at a time. If 10 or more comparisons are available, researchers will also explore sources of heterogeneity by a priori subgroup analyses (including, age, gender, geographical area and study quality). Meta-regression will assess the significance of categorical and continuous subgroup analyses. Linear and non-linear dose response relationship will be assessed by using generalized least squares trend (GLST) estimation models and spline curve modelling (MKSPLINE procedure), respectively. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and the Egger and Begg tests when at least 10 trial comparisons are available.

Analysis of subgroups or subsets:

Prior subgroup analysis are planned to be conducted if at least 10 study comparisons are available. This will include: age (< or > of the median), gender (boys, girls and mixed), geographical area (America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania), study quality (high vs low quality).

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
    • Tarragona
      • Reus, Tarragona, Spain, 43201
        • Human Nutrition Unit

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

3 years to 21 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

All children (aged 2 years old to 21 years old), regardless of health status

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Cross-sectional and Prospective cohort studies
  • At least 1 year of follow-up (for prospective cohorts)
  • Children and adolescents participants
  • Dairy consumption (total dairy, full-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, total milk, full-fat milk, low-f fat milk, total yogurt, full-fat yogurt, low-fat yogurt, total cheese, hard cheese, fresh cheese) as exposure
  • Overweight or obesity as outcomes
  • Odd ratios, risk ratios or hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of effect estimators.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Ecological, retrospective observational studies, non-human studies, letters, comments, reports, especial articles.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overweight or obesity
Time Frame: Baseline
Prevalence of overweight and/or obesity
Baseline
Overweight or obesity
Time Frame: Up to 40 years
incidence of overweight and/or obesity
Up to 40 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Institut Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Professor, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, CIBERobn

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 13, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 29, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

December 8, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 2, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 4, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

March 5, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

September 29, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 27, 2022

Last Verified

September 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Unitat_Nutrició_001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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