Health Belief Model-Based Web Education for Preventing Home Accidents in Mothers of Children Aged 0-3 (HBM-HAWE)

January 21, 2026 updated by: Şeyda Uzunlu, Ataturk University

The Effect of a Health Belief Model-Based Web Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Home Accident Awareness Among Mothers of Children Aged 0-3 in Family Health Centers: A Randomized Controlled Experimental Study

This randomized controlled experimental study evaluates the effect of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based web education program on preventing home accidents among mothers of children aged 0-3 years registered in a Family Health Center in Erzurum, Türkiye. Unintentional injuries such as falls, burns, poisoning, choking/aspiration, and cutting/piercing injuries are common in early childhood and often occur in the home environment. Mothers play a critical role in recognizing home hazards and implementing preventive safety behaviors.

Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group (HBM-based web education) or a control group (usual care). The intervention includes a structured web-based education program delivered over three months, supported by reminder messages via WhatsApp, interactive communication through an "Ask Us" option, and two Zoom meetings during the follow-up period. Outcomes will be measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Mother Home Accidents Awareness Scale. Baseline data will be collected through face-to-face interviews before the intervention, and post-test data will be collected at the 6th month. The study aims to determine whether HBM-based digital education improves maternal self-efficacy and awareness regarding home accident prevention.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study evaluates a theory-driven digital education intervention designed to improve maternal preventive behaviors related to early childhood home safety. The intervention is grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), which explains preventive health actions through perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. In the context of home accidents, the model is used to strengthen risk perception, increase motivation for adopting safety practices, reduce perceived obstacles to prevention, and enhance caregiver confidence in implementing protective behaviors.

The intervention is delivered through a structured web-based education platform tailored for mothers of young children. The content is organized into sequential modules mapped directly to HBM constructs. Educational materials are designed to support learning through multimodal delivery (written content, visuals, and videos) and to encourage practical application of safety behaviors in the home environment. In addition to asynchronous web learning, the intervention incorporates reinforcement and engagement strategies, including periodic reminder messaging and interactive communication options that allow participants to ask questions and receive feedback. Scheduled online meetings are included to support understanding, troubleshoot barriers, and promote sustained participation.

Participants are assigned to study groups using a random allocation approach. The trial uses a pre-test/post-test structure to quantify changes over time and to compare outcomes between study arms. Data analysis will follow a structured statistical plan, including descriptive summarization and group comparisons, with reliability checks for the measurement tools used in the study. Ethical approvals and institutional permissions have been obtained, and all study procedures are conducted in accordance with applicable ethical standards for research involving human participants.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

140

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Yakutiye
      • Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey (Türkiye), 25240
        • Maksut Efendi Family Health Center (ASM)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Female participants who are mothers of at least one child aged 0-3 years

Registered at the participating Family Health Center

Aged 18-49 years

Able to read and write sufficiently to understand study materials and complete questionnaires

Able to communicate effectively and follow study instructions

Has no physical, cognitive, or mental condition that would prevent participation in the education program or completion of assessments

Has access to the internet via a smartphone, tablet, or computer

Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

Relocation to another city or region during the study period

Development of any medical, psychological, or social condition that prevents continued participation

Inability to complete follow-up assessments for any reason

Withdrawal of consent or voluntary withdrawal from the study at any time

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: HBM-Based Web Education Program
Participants receive usual care plus a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based web education program on prevention of home accidents in children aged 0-3 years. The program is delivered via a dedicated website over 3 months and includes six structured modules (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy). The intervention is supported by WhatsApp reminder messages, an interactive "Ask Us" feature, and two Zoom meetings during follow-up.
Behavioral: HBM-Based Web Education for Home Accident Prevention
A structured Health Belief Model (HBM)-based web education program designed to improve mothers' self-efficacy and awareness regarding prevention of home accidents in children aged 0-3 years. The intervention is delivered via a dedicated website over 3 months and consists of six modules covering perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. Educational content includes visual materials and videos. The program is supported by WhatsApp reminder messages, an interactive "Ask Us" feature for participant questions, and two Zoom meetings during follow-up.
No Intervention: Usual Care (Control)
Participants receive usual care provided by the Family Health Center. They do not receive the HBM-based web education program during the study period. After completion of post-test data collection, participants in this group will be provided with the educational booklet containing the same information as the website.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Mother Home Accidents Awareness Score
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-test) and 6 months (post-test)
Home accident awareness will be assessed using the Mother Home Accidents Awareness Scale, a 55-item instrument rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The scale includes four domains: fall awareness, burn awareness, poisoning awareness, and choking/drowning awareness, as well as cutting/piercing injury awareness. Total scores range from 55 to 275, with higher scores indicating greater home accident awareness (better outcome).
Baseline (pre-test) and 6 months (post-test)
General Self-Efficacy Score
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-test) and 6 months (post-test)
General self-efficacy will be assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Total scores range from 17 to 85, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy (better outcome). Items designated by the scale are reverse-scored according to standard scoring procedures.
Baseline (pre-test) and 6 months (post-test)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ataturk University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 2, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 13, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 21, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • B.30.2.ATA.0.01.00/394
  • TDK-2025-16163 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Atatürk University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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