The Study Examined the Acute Effects of Wim Hof on Aerobic Training and Cardiodynamics.

February 9, 2026 updated by: Khaled Takey Ahmed, Cairo University

The Immediate Effect of Adding the Wim Hoff Breathing Method With Aerobic Training on Aerobic Performance and Hemodynamic Response in Smoking Adults

Researchers will split the sixty healthy smokers in half. Thirty people will serve as a control group and will be asked to walk or jog at a controlled pace for twelve minutes as part of an aerobic exercise program. Separately, 30 people participated in an aerobic exercise session that lasted 12 minutes and involved walking or running at a pace that the participants themselves controlled. WHBM will be done both prior to and subsequent to physical activity. To determine how WHBM affects the experimental group's pre- and post-WHBM heart rates, SpO2, blood pressure, and VO2 max, this study will be conducted.

Study Overview

Status

Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The study will be a randomized single blinded control trial, sixty healthy smokers will be divided into two groups. a control group of 30 participants will performing a 12-minute aerobic exercise where it included walking/ jogging with a controlled speed by the participant. Another experimental group of 30 participants also, performing a 12-minute aerobic exercise where it included walking/ jogging with a controlled speed by the participant. WHBM will be performed before and after exercises. It will be done to assess the effect of WHBM on heart rate, SpO2, blood pressure and VO2 max that will be monitored before and after WHBM in the experimental group. In addition, Performance will be assessed by observing the difference in distance covered before and after doing the WHBM. Heart rate and SpO2 will be measured using a finger pulse oximeter (Medical Rossmax). Blood pressure will be measured using a sphygmomanometer and VO2 max will be measured using the cooper's test formula in kilometers: "VO2 max = (22.351 x distance in Km) - 11.288"

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

60

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Lebanon
    • Tariq EL Jedida
      • Beirut, Tariq EL Jedida, Lebanon, 11-5020
        • BAU

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Males and females.
  • Age range between 18 and 25 years.
  • Adults who are healthy

Exclusion Criteria:

If they had:

  • Any systemic disorders.
  • Musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, or chronic respiratory conditions.
  • Females were menstruating

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: CONTROL
Researchers took the first measurement at t=0 minutes after 5 minutes of their arrival to allow them to rest. The measurements included heart rate and SpO2 using an oximeter (Medical Rossmax) and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Then they were asked to perform a 12-minute walk/jog with speed controlled by them and incline = 1. At 4 and 8 minutes, the speed was reduced to 2.0 on the treadmill, and vitals were taken again. At t= 12 minutes we stopped the treadmill, recorded the distance covered, and proceeded to measure the heart rate. SpO2, blood pressure, and VO2max were calculated using the Cooper's test formula (Alvero-Cruz et al., 2017). Participants were asked to rest for 4 minutes, and then another measurement of the vital signs (heart rate, SpO2, and blood pressure) was taken before they were dismissed.
Other: aerobic exercise where it included walking/ jogging with a controlled speed by the participant

participants were asked to listen attentively to the given instruction using noise cancelling headphones for the given instructions. For 11 minutes, an audio for Wim Hof breathing method that is as follow.

  • Take a strong inhalation through the nose.
  • Let out a relaxed exhalation through the mouth.
  • Repeat for 30 breaths.
  • On the 30th breath, exhale and hold your breath for 30 seconds in the first round then 1 minute in the 2nd round and 1 and a half minutes for the 3rd round.
  • Take a deep breath in after the previous hold then hold it in for 15 seconds in the 3 rounds.
  • Let your breathing return to normal. These steps were repeated for 3 rounds. And participants were allowed to let go of their held breath and hold it again if they couldn't keep holding it for the asked time in the audio
Experimental: wim hof breathing exercises
applying breathing interventions
Other: aerobic exercise where it included walking/ jogging with a controlled speed by the participant

participants were asked to listen attentively to the given instruction using noise cancelling headphones for the given instructions. For 11 minutes, an audio for Wim Hof breathing method that is as follow.

  • Take a strong inhalation through the nose.
  • Let out a relaxed exhalation through the mouth.
  • Repeat for 30 breaths.
  • On the 30th breath, exhale and hold your breath for 30 seconds in the first round then 1 minute in the 2nd round and 1 and a half minutes for the 3rd round.
  • Take a deep breath in after the previous hold then hold it in for 15 seconds in the 3 rounds.
  • Let your breathing return to normal. These steps were repeated for 3 rounds. And participants were allowed to let go of their held breath and hold it again if they couldn't keep holding it for the asked time in the audio
Other: Wim Hof Breathing Method

participants were asked to listen attentively to the given instruction using noise cancelling headphones for the given instructions. For 11 minutes, an audio for Wim Hof breathing method that is as follow.

  • Take a strong inhalation through the nose.
  • Let out a relaxed exhalation through the mouth.
  • Repeat for 30 breaths.
  • On the 30th breath, exhale and hold your breath for 30 seconds in the first round then 1 minute in the 2nd round and 1 and a half minutes for the 3rd round.
  • Take a deep breath in after the previous hold then hold it in for 15 seconds in the 3 rounds.
  • Let your breathing return to normal. These steps were repeated for 3 rounds. And participants were allowed to let go of their held breath and hold it again if they couldn't keep holding it for the asked time in the audio

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HEART RATE
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The number of heartbeats in a minute
12 weeks
Vo2 max
Time Frame: 12 weeks
oxygen consumption
12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Investigators

  • Study Director: rami L abbass, professor, BAU

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

February 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 15, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 9, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2025-H-0237-HSC-R-0763 - BAU.

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

measured data

IPD Sharing Time Frame

5 months

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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