The Effectiveness of Education in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients

March 5, 2026 updated by: Özlem Coşkun Susem, Inonu University

The Health Belief Model Approach in Diabetic Foot Management: The Effectiveness of Education for Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients

Diabetes is a significant health problem affecting approximately half a billion people worldwide, reaching alarming levels. Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure, and diabetic nephropathy is identified as a major risk factor for foot ulcers and amputation. The health belief model is a model that explains behavior. Focusing on the necessary motivational resources for the development of positive health behaviors in individuals is crucial for positive patient outcomes in the education of diabetic hemodialysis patients. It is necessary for hemodialysis nurses to educate diabetic patients on foot care knowledge, improve foot care behaviors, and prevent the development of foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations. However, the lack of studies in the literature on nurse-led foot care education interventions based on the health belief model for diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis constitutes the strength and unique aspect of this study. The research will be conducted using a randomized controlled pretest-posttest design.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Diabetes is a significant health problem affecting approximately half a billion people worldwide, reaching alarming levels. Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure, and diabetic nephropathy is identified as a major risk factor for foot ulcers and amputation. The health belief model is a model that explains behavior. Focusing on the necessary motivational resources for the development of positive health behaviors in individuals is crucial for positive patient outcomes in the education of diabetic hemodialysis patients. It is necessary for hemodialysis nurses to educate diabetic patients on foot care knowledge, improve foot care behaviors, and prevent the development of foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations. However, the lack of studies in the literature on nurse-led foot care education interventions based on the health belief model for diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis constitutes the strength and unique aspect of this study. The research will be conducted using a randomized controlled pretest-posttest design. The study population will consist of diabetic hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis units of Firat University Hospital and Fethi Sekin City Hospital, and in the Private Elazığ Dialysis Center. The sample will consist of 50 individuals in total, 25 for each group (experimental and control) determined by power analysis. Individuals will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Research data will be collected using a Personal Information Form, the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Scale, the Foot Care Behavior Scale, and the Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale. The research will determine how diabetic foot care training, prepared according to the Health Belief Model, affects the foot care knowledge levels, foot care behaviors, and self-efficacy of diabetic hemodialysis patients. Based on the results obtained, the aim is to increase the importance of foot care in the treatment protocol of diabetic patients in hemodialysis units.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

50

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Elâzığ, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 23000
        • Recruiting
        • Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi
        • Contact:
      • Elâzığ, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 23000
        • Recruiting
        • Fırat Üniversitesi Hastanesi
        • Contact:
          • fırat üniversitesi hastanesi fırat üniversitesi hastanesi
          • Phone Number: 04242333555
          • Email: hastane@firat.edu.tr
      • Elâzığ, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 23000
        • Recruiting
        • Özel Elazığ Diyaliz Merkezi
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion criteria:

  • Voluntary participation in the study
  • Literacy
  • Absence of psychiatric distress
  • Being over 18 years of age
  • Open to communication and cooperation, no speech problems
  • Receiving continuous hemodialysis treatment
  • Having been diagnosed with diabetes for at least 6 months

Exclusion criteria:

  • Unwillingness to participate in the study or desire to withdraw from the study
  • Receiving acute hemodialysis treatment
  • Being under 18 years of age
  • Open to communication and cooperation, no speech problems

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: group that will receive diabetic foot education
Group that will receive diabetic foot education
Other: Diabetic Foot Care Training
The training will be conducted using an educational booklet prepared in accordance with the Health Belief Model. After collecting pre-test data, the training will be given to the experimental group for 2 weeks, and in order to ensure behavioral change in 4 weeks, reminders about foot care will be given to patients in dialysis centers or by phone, and then the final test data will be applied to both the experimental and control groups. During this process, the control group will continue to receive standard treatment and no intervention will be performed.
No Intervention: group that will not receive diabetic foot education
no intervention will be made on the group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Evaluation of the effect of diabetic foot care training, prepared according to the Health Belief Model, on the foot care knowledge levels of diabetic hemodialysis patients.
Time Frame: 6 weeks
The Diabetic Foot Knowledge Scale will be used to measure the foot care knowledge levels of the patients.
6 weeks
Evaluation of the effect of diabetic foot care training, prepared according to the Health Belief Model, on foot care behaviors.
Time Frame: 6 weeks
The Foot Care Behavior Scale will be used to measure foot care behaviors.
6 weeks
Evaluation of the effect of diabetic foot care training, prepared according to the Health Belief Model, on self-efficacy.
Time Frame: 6 weeks
The Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale will be used to evaluate self-efficacy.
6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Inonu University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 26, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

March 9, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 9, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 5, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 5, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • INONU-SBF-ÖCS-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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