Evaluating In-line Chlorination in Nigeria
In-line Chlorination for Drinking Water Treatment in Nigeria
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Amy J Pickering
- Telefonnummer: +1.510.410.2666
- E-mail: pickering@berkeley.edu
Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup
- Navn: Elisa M Maffioli
- Telefonnummer: +1.443.875.4930
- E-mail: elisamaf@umich.edu
Studiesteder
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Cross River State
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Yala, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Yala LGA
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Kontakt:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Telefonnummer: +234.805.602.6845
- E-mail: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Kano State
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Makuda, Kano State, Nigeria
- Makoda LGA
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Kontakt:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Telefonnummer: +234.805.602.6845
- E-mail: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
-
-
Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult (18+) or emancipated minor (15+) pregnant women and women with children under 5 years old who do not plan to permanently move in the next 12 months.
- Must be knowledgeable about the household's water collection and management practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Non-age-eligible women. Men and non-emancipated minors. Women who do not consent.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Forebyggelse
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
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Eksperimentel: Arm 1: Inline Chlorination (ILC) with Behavioral Change Communication (BCC)
Communities randomized to this arm will receive inline chlorination installed at eligible communal drinking water systems, such as boreholes or handpumps, and behavioral change communication.
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In-line chlorination devices will be installed on all compatible communal water systems within treatment communities.
Devices automatically dose chlorine proportional to water flow without requiring electricity or daily user input.
Technologies will include TuriTap liquid dosers installed at handpumps and CTI-8 tablet dosers installed at tanks or piped systems.
Devices will be calibrated and routinely monitored to maintain chlorine residual within recommended ranges.
In addition to device installation, communities will participate in behavior change communication (BCC) activities designed to support understanding and acceptance of chlorinated water.
BCC activities will include community sensitization meetings conducted by the implementing partner.
Meetings will provide information on the purpose of chlorination through the in-line chlorination devices, expected benefits and limitations, safe water handling practices, and guidance for addressing taste or odor concerns.
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Ingen indgriben: Arm 2: Control (No Chlorination)
Communities randomized to this arm will not receive inline chlorination during the study period and will continue their usual water collection and treatment practices.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
|
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples positive for Escherichia coli.
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >1 MPN/100 mL of water by culture-based assay
|
About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable total chlorine residual.
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
|
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Concentration of E. coli in water source samples
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in water source samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
|
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Concentration of E. coli in household stored water samples
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in household stored water samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in water source samples
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in water source samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in household stored water samples
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in household stored water samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among children under five years of age
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of children under five reported by caregivers to have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among household members, any age
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of individuals surveyed in the household that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
Measured for subset of available respondents.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of diarrhea among female caregivers
Tidsramme: Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of respondents that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Andre resultatmål
Andre resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of households reporting an ILC-compatible water source as their primary drinking water source
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of surveyed households identifying an ILC-compatible water system as their source of drinking water.
ILC-compatible water systems (boreholes, piped systems, or handpumps have chlorinated water in treatment)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households switching away from ILC-treated water sources
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households that discontinue use of a chlorinated water system for drinking water compared to baseline.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households reporting any household-level water treatment
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households reporting treatment of drinking water prior to consumption (e.g., boiling, filtration, manual chlorination).
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time spent on household-level water treatment
Tidsramme: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time (minutes) reported by households per day on making water safer to drink (gender stratified)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Amy J Pickering, University of California, Berkeley
- Ledende efterforsker: Elisa M Maffioli, University of Michigan
- Ledende efterforsker: Adamu I Tanko, PhD, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Lindmark M, Cherukumilli K, Crider YS, Marcenac P, Lozier M, Voth-Gaeddert L, Lantagne DS, Mihelcic JR, Zhang QM, Just C, Pickering AJ. Passive In-Line Chlorination for Drinking Water Disinfection: A Critical Review. Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 5;56(13):9164-9181. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08580. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
- Pickering AJ, Crider Y, Sultana S, Swarthout J, Goddard FG, Anjerul Islam S, Sen S, Ayyagari R, Luby SP. Effect of in-line drinking water chlorination at the point of collection on child diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: a double-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Sep;7(9):e1247-e1256. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30315-8.
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 2025-08-18832
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
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