Evaluating In-line Chlorination in Nigeria
In-line Chlorination for Drinking Water Treatment in Nigeria
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Stato
Condizioni
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Intervento / Trattamento
Tipo di studio
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Stimato)
Iscrizione
Fase
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
Contatto studio
- Nome: Amy J Pickering
- Numero di telefono: +1.510.410.2666
- Email: pickering@berkeley.edu
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: Elisa M Maffioli
- Numero di telefono: +1.443.875.4930
- Email: elisamaf@umich.edu
Luoghi di studio
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Cross River State
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Yala, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Yala LGA
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Contatto:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Numero di telefono: +234.805.602.6845
- Email: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Kano State
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Makuda, Kano State, Nigeria
- Makoda LGA
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Contatto:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Numero di telefono: +234.805.602.6845
- Email: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Bambino
- Adulto
- Adulto più anziano
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult (18+) or emancipated minor (15+) pregnant women and women with children under 5 years old who do not plan to permanently move in the next 12 months.
- Must be knowledgeable about the household's water collection and management practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Non-age-eligible women. Men and non-emancipated minors. Women who do not consent.
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Prevenzione
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Numero di armi
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / ArmGruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / TrattamentoIntervento / Trattamento |
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Sperimentale: Arm 1: Inline Chlorination (ILC) with Behavioral Change Communication (BCC)
Communities randomized to this arm will receive inline chlorination installed at eligible communal drinking water systems, such as boreholes or handpumps, and behavioral change communication.
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In-line chlorination devices will be installed on all compatible communal water systems within treatment communities.
Devices automatically dose chlorine proportional to water flow without requiring electricity or daily user input.
Technologies will include TuriTap liquid dosers installed at handpumps and CTI-8 tablet dosers installed at tanks or piped systems.
Devices will be calibrated and routinely monitored to maintain chlorine residual within recommended ranges.
In addition to device installation, communities will participate in behavior change communication (BCC) activities designed to support understanding and acceptance of chlorinated water.
BCC activities will include community sensitization meetings conducted by the implementing partner.
Meetings will provide information on the purpose of chlorination through the in-line chlorination devices, expected benefits and limitations, safe water handling practices, and guidance for addressing taste or odor concerns.
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Nessun intervento: Arm 2: Control (No Chlorination)
Communities randomized to this arm will not receive inline chlorination during the study period and will continue their usual water collection and treatment practices.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples positive for Escherichia coli.
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >1 MPN/100 mL of water by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable total chlorine residual.
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in water source samples
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in water source samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in household stored water samples
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in household stored water samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in water source samples
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in water source samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in household stored water samples
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in household stored water samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among children under five years of age
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of children under five reported by caregivers to have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among household members, any age
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of individuals surveyed in the household that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
Measured for subset of available respondents.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of diarrhea among female caregivers
Lasso di tempo: Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of respondents that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Altre misure di risultato
Altre misure di risultato
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of households reporting an ILC-compatible water source as their primary drinking water source
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of surveyed households identifying an ILC-compatible water system as their source of drinking water.
ILC-compatible water systems (boreholes, piped systems, or handpumps have chlorinated water in treatment)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households switching away from ILC-treated water sources
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households that discontinue use of a chlorinated water system for drinking water compared to baseline.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households reporting any household-level water treatment
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households reporting treatment of drinking water prior to consumption (e.g., boiling, filtration, manual chlorination).
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time spent on household-level water treatment
Lasso di tempo: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time (minutes) reported by households per day on making water safer to drink (gender stratified)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Sponsor
Collaboratori
Collaboratori
Investigatori
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Amy J Pickering, University of California, Berkeley
- Investigatore principale: Elisa M Maffioli, University of Michigan
- Investigatore principale: Adamu I Tanko, PhD, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
- Lindmark M, Cherukumilli K, Crider YS, Marcenac P, Lozier M, Voth-Gaeddert L, Lantagne DS, Mihelcic JR, Zhang QM, Just C, Pickering AJ. Passive In-Line Chlorination for Drinking Water Disinfection: A Critical Review. Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 5;56(13):9164-9181. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08580. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
- Pickering AJ, Crider Y, Sultana S, Swarthout J, Goddard FG, Anjerul Islam S, Sen S, Ayyagari R, Luby SP. Effect of in-line drinking water chlorination at the point of collection on child diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: a double-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Sep;7(9):e1247-e1256. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30315-8.
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Inizio studio (Stimato)
Inizio studio
Completamento primario (Stimato)
Completamento primario
Completamento dello studio (Stimato)
Completamento dello studio
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
Primo inviato
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo Inserito (Effettivo)
Primo Inserito
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo verificato
Ultimo verificato
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- 2025-08-18832
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