Evaluating In-line Chlorination in Nigeria
In-line Chlorination for Drinking Water Treatment in Nigeria
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Toestand
Conditie
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Interventie / Behandeling
Studietype
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Inschrijving
Fase
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
Studiecontact
- Naam: Amy J Pickering
- Telefoonnummer: +1.510.410.2666
- E-mail: pickering@berkeley.edu
Studie Contact Back-up
- Naam: Elisa M Maffioli
- Telefoonnummer: +1.443.875.4930
- E-mail: elisamaf@umich.edu
Studie Locaties
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Cross River State
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Yala, Cross River State, Niger
- Yala LGA
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Contact:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Telefoonnummer: +234.805.602.6845
- E-mail: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Kano State
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Makuda, Kano State, Niger
- Makoda LGA
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Contact:
- Gbenga Adedayo
- Telefoonnummer: +234.805.602.6845
- E-mail: gadedayo@hanovialimited.com
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Kind
- Volwassen
- Oudere volwassene
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult (18+) or emancipated minor (15+) pregnant women and women with children under 5 years old who do not plan to permanently move in the next 12 months.
- Must be knowledgeable about the household's water collection and management practices
Exclusion Criteria:
- Non-age-eligible women. Men and non-emancipated minors. Women who do not consent.
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Preventie
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Aantal wapens
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / ArmDeelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / BehandelingInterventie / Behandeling |
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Experimenteel: Arm 1: Inline Chlorination (ILC) with Behavioral Change Communication (BCC)
Communities randomized to this arm will receive inline chlorination installed at eligible communal drinking water systems, such as boreholes or handpumps, and behavioral change communication.
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In-line chlorination devices will be installed on all compatible communal water systems within treatment communities.
Devices automatically dose chlorine proportional to water flow without requiring electricity or daily user input.
Technologies will include TuriTap liquid dosers installed at handpumps and CTI-8 tablet dosers installed at tanks or piped systems.
Devices will be calibrated and routinely monitored to maintain chlorine residual within recommended ranges.
In addition to device installation, communities will participate in behavior change communication (BCC) activities designed to support understanding and acceptance of chlorinated water.
BCC activities will include community sensitization meetings conducted by the implementing partner.
Meetings will provide information on the purpose of chlorination through the in-line chlorination devices, expected benefits and limitations, safe water handling practices, and guidance for addressing taste or odor concerns.
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Geen tussenkomst: Arm 2: Control (No Chlorination)
Communities randomized to this arm will not receive inline chlorination during the study period and will continue their usual water collection and treatment practices.
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples with detectable free chlorine residual.
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of household stored drinking water samples positive for Escherichia coli.
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >1 MPN/100 mL of water by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of water source samples with detectable total chlorine residual.
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as >0.1 ppm.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in water source samples
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in water source samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli in household stored water samples
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of E. coli (in log10 MPN/100ml) in household stored water samples by culture-based assay
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in water source samples
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in water source samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria in household stored water samples
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Concentration of total coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL) in household stored water samples
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among children under five years of age
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of children under five reported by caregivers to have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of caregiver-reported diarrhea among household members, any age
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of individuals surveyed in the household that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
Measured for subset of available respondents.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Prevalence of diarrhea among female caregivers
Tijdsspanne: Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the proportion of respondents that have experienced diarrhea, defined as three or more loose or watery stools within a 24-hour period, during the 7 days preceding the survey.
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Time frame - About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Andere uitkomstmaten
Andere uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Proportion of households reporting an ILC-compatible water source as their primary drinking water source
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of surveyed households identifying an ILC-compatible water system as their source of drinking water.
ILC-compatible water systems (boreholes, piped systems, or handpumps have chlorinated water in treatment)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households switching away from ILC-treated water sources
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households that discontinue use of a chlorinated water system for drinking water compared to baseline.
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Proportion of households reporting any household-level water treatment
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Measured as the percentage of households reporting treatment of drinking water prior to consumption (e.g., boiling, filtration, manual chlorination).
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time spent on household-level water treatment
Tijdsspanne: About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Time (minutes) reported by households per day on making water safer to drink (gender stratified)
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About 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow ups after device installations
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Sponsor
Medewerkers
Medewerkers
Onderzoekers
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Amy J Pickering, University of California, Berkeley
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Elisa M Maffioli, University of Michigan
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Adamu I Tanko, PhD, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
Publicaties en nuttige links
Algemene publicaties
- Lindmark M, Cherukumilli K, Crider YS, Marcenac P, Lozier M, Voth-Gaeddert L, Lantagne DS, Mihelcic JR, Zhang QM, Just C, Pickering AJ. Passive In-Line Chlorination for Drinking Water Disinfection: A Critical Review. Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jul 5;56(13):9164-9181. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08580. Epub 2022 Jun 14.
- Pickering AJ, Crider Y, Sultana S, Swarthout J, Goddard FG, Anjerul Islam S, Sen S, Ayyagari R, Luby SP. Effect of in-line drinking water chlorination at the point of collection on child diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: a double-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Sep;7(9):e1247-e1256. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30315-8.
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Geschat)
Studie start
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Primaire voltooiing
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Eerst geplaatst
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update geplaatst
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- 2025-08-18832
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
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Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct
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