- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Klinisk forsøg NCT04445974
Testing a Body-functionality Intervention for Body Image in Individuals With Skin Conditions
Can a Brief Body-functionality Writing Intervention Improve Body Image in Individuals Living With a Skin Condition? A Randomised Control Trial
Studieoversigt
Status
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Method of sampling/recruitment:
Recruitment from community sample, including: The University staff and student volunteers lists; Psychology undergraduate credit systems, Social media/forums; Charities; Research recruitment platforms, and a mailing lists.
Sample size:
An apriori power analysis, based on an ANCOVA, with a medium effect for the primary outcome (body appreciation) indicated a sample of 128 would be needed to achieve 80% power. Assuming an attrition rate of 50%, the total number of participants required will be 256.
In line with recommendations for evaluating interventions, we will include an internal pilot whereby we review the recruitment progress (completion) about 3 months into the trial and could then consider whether we need to make any minor or major adjustments to the recruitment strategy or study. If these substantial changes are needed, the pilot component will be written up and analysed separately to inform the next phase.
Procedure:
Time-point 1: Participants asked to read information sheet and provide consent. Participants will then be asked to complete the demographic measures and provide information on their skin condition(s). Participants will then complete baseline measures of trait body appreciation, body functionality, and, skin-specific quality of life, appearance anxiety with the order of these questionnaires counterbalanced. The online system will then randomly allocate individual meeting the exclusion criteria to either 'Expand Your Horizon' or an active control, at a ratio of 1:1. Participants will then be asked to complete the first writing activity and complete state measures
Time-point 2 (approximately 2 days later): Participants asked to complete the second writing exercise, and rate their state measures.
Time-point 3 (approximately 1 week later): Participants will be asked to complete the final writing task, before completing state measures and repeating the outcome measures given at baseline. Participants in both conditions will then be asked to provide feedback on the intervention.
Time-point 4 (One month later): Participants will be asked to repeat the outcome measures. Participants will then be shown the debrief screen and told which group they were in. Participants in the control condition will be offered a link to the intervention.
Analytic strategy:
The data will be initially assessed to check whether they meet the assumptions of the statistical tests used.
Descriptive statistics will then be used to describe the sample, and to summarise information on attrition at each point of the study and feedback on the intervention. Demographic and skin disease-history variables will be assessed for covariance using t-tests, ANOVAs and bivariate correlations as appropriate.
To assess whether randomisation of allocation to groups (intervention vs control) has been effective, t-tests and ANOVAs will be used, as appropriate, to compare demographics baseline measures.
T-tests will also be used to compare the levels of skin-specific appearance satisfaction, appearance satisfaction and body-functionality satisfaction between participants in both the intervention and control condition. This will include both intention-to-treat and completer analyses.
The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested using a series of between group ANCOVAs.
The number of participants showing reliable and clinical change on measures of anxiety and skin-specific quality of life will also be calculated for each group.
Change over time (Pre, post, one month follow up) for each group will be assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA. If any significant covariates, are identified ANCOVAs will be used instead.
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Choose Province
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Sheffield, Choose Province, Det Forenede Kongerige, S1 2LT
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Individuals with dermatological condition (including conditions that affect the skin, hair and/or nails). This includes, but is not limited to, acne, eczema, alopecia, psoriasis, vitiligo, rosacea, dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), hyperhidrosis, hirsutism, neurofibromatosis, onychomycosis, melasma, cysts, herpes, ichthyosis, and lichen sclerosus.
- Individuals self-reporting that their body image is affected by their skin condition.
- Sufficient English to complete the measures and writing exercises
- Access to the internet.
Exclusion Criteria:
- As the focus of this research is on skin disease, individuals living with visible differences as a consequence of trauma (e.g. scarring from burns or scarring from traumatic injury) are not eligible to participate in this study.
- Individuals who do not feel their body image is affected by having a dermatological condition.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
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Aktiv komparator: Expand Your Horizons: More than my skin
Participants allocated to the intervention condition will be asked to follow the adapted instructions for 'Expand Your Horizon'.
Participants will be asked to complete three 15 min writing exercises over approximately six days.
Participants who complete the first exercise on Qualtrics will be sent links to and asked to complete the second and third writing exercises.
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'Expand Your Horizon' is a self-help intervention which uses writing exercises to help individuals with poor body image practice focusing on their body-functionality rather than their physical appearance (Alleva et al., 2015).
The materials for 'Expand Your Horizon' are freely available (Alleva et al., 2015), and permission has been granted to use and adapt the materials in this research.
'Expand Your Horizon' comprises of three 15 min writing exercises, typically completed over approximately six days.
The intervention materials have been adapted for use with a population with skin diseases, and modified to use gender neutral language.
Adaptions were made in consultation with experts by experience.
The changes were reviewed and approved by the first author of the original intervention to ensure the materials were in keeping with the original intervention.
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Eksperimentel: Control writing activity
Participants in the control condition will be asked to complete three 15 minute creative writing exercises online via Qualtucs over approximately six days.
Participants completing the first writing exercise will be sent links to the second and third writing exercises.
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In line with previous studies examining 'Expand Your Horizon' the active control condition will involve creative writing tasks (Alleva et al., 2015).
Participants in the intervention condition will complete three 15 minute creative writing exercises, completed over six days.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
---|---|---|
Change in body appreciation
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 week
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The Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2, Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) will be used to measure body appreciation and contains 10 items, and will be used to measure trait levels of body appreciation.
Each item is rated on a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always).
The average score is calculated by adding each item and divided by 10, and can range between 1 and 5 with higher numbers indicating higher levels of body appreciation.
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Baseline to 1 week
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Change in body functionality appreciation
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 week
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The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS: Alleva, Tylka, & Van Diest, 2017) will be used to measure body functionality appreciation.
The FAS comprises of seven questions, and will be used to assess participants' trait levels of appreciation for their bodies' functionality (Appendix L).
Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
The average score is calculated by adding each item and dividing by 7, and can range between 1 and 5 with higher numbers indicating higher levels of function appreciation.
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Baseline to 1 week
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Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
---|---|---|
Change in dermatology specific quality of life
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 week
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The Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI: Finlay & Khan, 1994) will be used to measure the impact of skin-conditions on participants' quality of life (Appendix M).
The DLQI contains 10 questions scored from 0 (not at all/not relevant) to 3 (very much).
Total scores range from 0 to 30, with lower scores indicating greater skin-specific quality of life.
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Baseline to 1 week
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Change in dermatology specific quality of life at follow up
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 month
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The Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI: Finlay & Khan, 1994) will be used to measure the impact of skin-conditions on participants' quality of life (Appendix M).
The DLQI contains 10 questions scored from 0 (not at all/not relevant) to 3 (very much).
Total scores range from 0 to 30, with lower scores indicating greater skin-specific quality of life.
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Baseline to 1 month
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Chance in skin-specific shame
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 week
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The Skin Shame Scale (SSS: Scott, 2004) will be used to measure levels of skin-specific shame.
The SSS contains 24 items, which are rated on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores can range from 24 to 120, with higher score indicating greater levels of shame.
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Baseline to 1 week
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Chance in skin-specific shame at follow up
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 month
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The Skin Shame Scale (SSS: Scott, 2004) will be used to measure levels of skin-specific shame.
The SSS contains 24 items, which are rated on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always).
Total scores can range from 24 to 120, with higher score indicating greater levels of shame.
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Baseline to 1 month
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Change in appearance anxiety
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 week
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The Appearance Anxiety Index (AAI: Veale et al., 2014) will be used to measure appearance anxiety.
The AAI contains 10 questions focused on cognitive and behavioural components of appearance-related anxiety, including avoidance and threat monitoring.
Each item is scored on a five point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time).
Total scores can range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating a greater level of appearance-related anxiety.
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Baseline to 1 week
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Change in appearance anxiety at follow up
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 month
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The Appearance Anxiety Index (AAI: Veale et al., 2014) will be used to measure appearance anxiety.
The AAI contains 10 questions focused on cognitive and behavioural components of appearance-related anxiety, including avoidance and threat monitoring.
Each item is scored on a five point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time).
Total scores can range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating a greater level of appearance-related anxiety.
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Baseline to 1 month
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State appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 1
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After writing exercise 1, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 1
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State appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 3 (approximately)
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After writing exercise 2, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 3 (approximately)
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State appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: 1 week
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After writing exercise 3, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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1 week
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State skin appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 1
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After writing task 1, participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with their state skin appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 1
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State skin appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 3 (approximately)
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After writing task 2, participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with their state skin appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 3 (approximately)
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State skin appearance satisfaction
Tidsramme: 1 week
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After writing task 3, participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with their state skin appearance on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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1 week
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State functionality satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 1
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After writing task 1, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their body functionality on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 1
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State functionality satisfaction
Tidsramme: Day 3 (approximately)
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After writing task 2, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their body functionality on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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Day 3 (approximately)
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State functionality satisfaction
Tidsramme: 1 week
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After writing task 3, participants will also be asked to rate their state satisfaction with their body functionality on a 100 point visual analogue scale (100 = extremely satisfied and 0 = extremely dissatisfied).
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1 week
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Change in body appreciation at follow up
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 month
|
The Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2, Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) will be used to measure body appreciation and contains 10 items, and will be used to measure trait levels of body appreciation.
Each item is rated on a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always).
The average score is calculated by adding each item and divided by 10, and can range between 1 and 5 with higher numbers indicating higher levels of body appreciation.
|
Baseline to 1 month
|
Change in body functionality appreciation at follow up
Tidsramme: Baseline to 1 month
|
The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS: Alleva, Tylka, & Van Diest, 2017) will be used to measure body functionality appreciation.
The FAS comprises of seven questions, and will be used to assess participants' trait levels of appreciation for their bodies' functionality (Appendix L).
Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
The average score is calculated by adding each item and dividing by 7, and can range between 1 and 5 with higher numbers indicating higher levels of function appreciation.
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Baseline to 1 month
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Andre resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Intervention evaluation
Tidsramme: 1 week
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Participants in the functionality intervention will be asked to complete a series of questions about their experience of the intervention, and given the option to add any further comments in a free text box.
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1 week
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Adherence
Tidsramme: Through study completion (on average 1 week)
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Adherence will be assessed by reviewing the content of participants writing and time-spent on the exercises and word count. Participant entries will also be rated, on a three-point scale, whether the content of participants writing conforms to the given instructions; if there is no relevant content, it will be scored 0, if instructions are partially followed, it will score 1, and if instruction are fully followed it will score a 2. to identify inappropriate responses. Previous studies evaluating the intervention have reported minimal information about how adherence was assessed. |
Through study completion (on average 1 week)
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Attrition
Tidsramme: Through study completion (on average 1 week)
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The number of participants that drop out across the study
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Through study completion (on average 1 week)
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Paul G Overton, PhD, University of Sheffield
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Finlay AY, Khan GK. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)--a simple practical measure for routine clinical use. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994 May;19(3):210-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x.
- Tylka TL, Wood-Barcalow NL. The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image. 2015 Jan;12:53-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Oct 21.
- Alleva JM, Martijn C, Van Breukelen GJ, Jansen A, Karos K. Expand Your Horizon: A programme that improves body image and reduces self-objectification by training women to focus on body functionality. Body Image. 2015 Sep;15:81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
- Alleva JM, Tylka TL, Kroon Van Diest AM. The Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS): Development and psychometric evaluation in U.S. community women and men. Body Image. 2017 Dec;23:28-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.008. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
- Scott, C. (2004). Understanding psychodermatological distress: constructing a skin shame scale (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield, UK). Retrieved from http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14863/1/412462.pdf
- Veale D, Eshkevari E, Kanakam N, Ellison N, Costa A, Werner T. The Appearance Anxiety Inventory: validation of a process measure in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2014 Sep;42(5):605-16. doi: 10.1017/S1352465813000556. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 165478
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