Fotomedicinsk projekt 14: PBMT for Performance Enhancement i SOF (SOF)

Sham-komparator: Sham PBMT

Inkluderingen af ​​sham PBMT vil sikre, at alle deltagerbehandlingsprocedurer forbliver de samme, med undtagelse af emission af fotoner (aktiv behandling), hvilket giver mulighed for bidrag af eventuelle forskelle mellem grupper, der kan krediteres brugen af ​​PBMT.

Enhed: THOR3 træning + sham PBMT

Sham PBMT vil blive leveret af et uddannet studieteammedlem. Sham PBMT vil blive leveret på samme måde som angivet for PBMT-processen ovenfor, men enheden forbliver i standbytilstand (dvs. behandlingstilstanden vil ikke være aktiveret). Da infrarødt lys er usynligt for det blotte øje, er den eneste synlige forskel mellem behandlings- og standbytilstand tilstedeværelsen af ​​et par små ravgule lys (disse lys er tændt under behandlingstilstand).

Andre navne:

• THOR3 træning + placebo

Aktiv komparator: Photobiomodulation Treatment (PBMT)

PBMT will be delivered at 40 watts (W). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.

Enhed: THOR3 training + Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT)

PBMT will be delivered at 40W (depending on participant skin pigmentation). PBMT will be applied to the quadriceps area. A study team member will use the quadriceps measurements of the treatment area to calculate the PBMT treatment time (approximately 5-20 minutes) and specified J/cm2. PBMT treatment will be provided 3 times per week, for 3 weeks.

PBMT will be delivered by a trained study team member using the LightForce® XLi 40W device with the Smart Hand Piece technology, which has a built-in accelerometer in the hand piece that controls the speed of light delivery to the treatment area. The trained team members will use the Smart Hand Piece technology, which assesses the operator's speed and provides real-time visual and sensory feedback calibrated to shut-off when moving too slowly and warns the operator when moving too quickly by vibrating. Treatment is delivered through a flexible optical fiber threaded through the hand piece, which contains a rolling glass massage ball.

Andre navne:

• Laserterapi på lavt niveau (LLLT)
• LightForce® XLi

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Concentric Impulse

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Movement Start to Peak Power.

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Movement start to peak power. via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines.

Reference categories:

Lower performers (L): ~0.20-0.30

Moderate performers (M): ~0.30-0.45

Upper performers (U): ~0.45-0.70+

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Initial Baseline: Time to Take-Off

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Movement Start to peak Power via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines.

Reference categories:

Lower performers (L): ~0.20-0.30

Moderate performers (M): ~0.30-0.45

Upper performers (U): ~0.45-0.70+

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 1 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including peak force production via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines.

Reference categories:

Lower performers (L): ~0.20-0.30

Moderate performers (M): ~0.30-0.45

Upper performers (U): ~0.45-0.70+

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 2 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Concentric Impulse

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including concentric impulse via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Movement Start to Peak Power

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including peak force production via force plates and analysis software.

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod)

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) via force plates and analysis software. Reactive Strength Index-modified (RSImod) reflects the efficiency of force production during a countermovement jump. It is calculated as jump height divided by time to take-off. Higher values indicate better explosive performance and lower neuromuscular fatigue, whereas lower values indicate reduced efficiency or increased fatigue. The index ranges from 0 upward with no theoretical maximum; therefore, interpretation should rely on normative ranges or athlete-specific baselines.

Reference categories:

Lower performers (L): ~0.20-0.30

Moderate performers (M): ~0.30-0.45

Upper performers (U): ~0.45-0.70+

Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Week 3 Follow-up: Time to Take-Off

Assesses dynamic strength performance, including Time to Take-Off via force plates and analysis software.

Isometric Quadriceps Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isometric Hamstrings Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque.

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isokinetic Hamstrings Strength Testing Initial Baseline: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isometric Quadriceps Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isometric Hamstrings Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque.

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Isokinetic Hamstrings Strength Testing 3-week Follow-up: Peak Torque

Measuring isolated strength (Peak Torque).

Defense and Veteran's Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Initial Baseline

Captures subjective pain rating on a 0 - 10 scale (minimum - maximum; 0 = no pain, 10 = severe pain). Higher scores equal worse outcomes.

Defense and Veteran's Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) Daily Reports

Captures subjective pain rating on a 0 - 10 scale (minimum - maximum; 0 = no pain, 10 = severe pain). Higher scores equals worse outcomes. Calculation for this timepoint was dervied from averaging all daily pain scores into an aggregate value.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Initial Baseline

Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 1 Follow-up

Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 2 Follow-up

Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.

Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Week 3 Follow-up

Measures delayed onset muscle soreness. Respondents mark on a 10 centimeter line their current level of muscle soreness. The left end of the line represents "I feel no soreness in my muscles" and the right end represents "My muscles feel so sore, I don't want to move them." Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores equaling worse outcomes.

Borg Modified Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Initial Baseline

Quantifying perceived exertion on 0-10 scale. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Borg Modified Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 3-week Follow-up

Quantifying perceived exertion on 0-10 scale. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Elloumi Fatigue Scale Initial Baseline

Behavioral health rating of fatigue. The short questionnaire of fatigue uses eight questions that highlight perception of training difficulty, sleep, leg discomfort, infection/colds, concentration, work efficacy, anxiety and overall stress. Each question is rated by the respondent on a 7-point scale: 1 point (not at all) to 7 points (very much). The summed total score of the 8 questions allows for a total score of fatigue (TSF). Total score of fatigue ranges from 8 points (not at all fatigued) to 56 points (very much fatigued).

Elloumi Fatigue Scale 3-week Follow-up

Behavioral health rating of fatigue. The short questionnaire of fatigue uses eight questions that highlight perception of training difficulty, sleep, leg discomfort, infection/colds, concentration, work efficacy, anxiety and overall stress. Each question is rated by the respondent on a 7-point scale: 1 point (not at all) to 7 points (very much). The summed total score of the 8 questions allows for a total score of fatigue (TSF). Total score of fatigue ranges from 8 points (not at all fatigued) to 56 points (very much fatigued).

Quick Physical Activity Rating Scale (QPAR)

Higher scores indicate better outcome. Scaled rating of various types of physical activity participation. Respondent reporting quantifies the overall amount of physical activity that the respondent regularly engages in. Activities are weighted in intensity that ranges from 1 (light) to 3 (heavy). Activity weekly frequency reported as never (0 days), seldom (1-2 days), sometime (3-4 days), and often (5-7 days). Activity duration collected as less than one hour per day, 1-2 hours per day, and more than two hours per day. Intensity (1-3), frequency (0-3) and duration (1-3) scores are multiplied and provide a physical activity score that may range from 0 - 153 points, 0 being very low physical activity and 153 representing very high physical activity.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Duration

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of sleep. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily sleep scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Time in Bed

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including time spent in bed. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Light Sleep Length

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of light sleep stage. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Length

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of REM sleep stage. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Deep Sleep Length

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including duration of deep sleep stage (seconds). Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Latency

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep latency (time taken to fall asleep in seconds). Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Efficiency Percentage

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep efficiency percentage (time spent in bed asleep). Higher percentages are better. 0-100. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Sleep Metrics - Sleep Quality Score

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of sleep, including sleep quality score. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores being better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Body Temperature Changes

Oura Ring will continuously measure changes in body temperature. Oura calculates body-temperature readiness by measuring average skin temperature during sleep, comparing it to long-term baseline, and reporting the difference as a positive or negative deviation. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Data: Readiness Trends - Daily Heart Rate

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including changes in heart rate. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including HRV - a measure of the fluctuation in the time intervals between adjacent heartbeats. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Respiration Rate

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including respiratory rate. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Blood Oxygen Saturation

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including blood oxygen saturation. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Sleep Balance

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including sleep balance- a measure of how consistent nightly total sleep duration is compared to baseline, reported on a 0-100 scale where higher means sleep length is closely matched night-to-night. Scores near 100 indicate very stable sleep duration that supports recovery; 60-80 indicates moderate variability that may mildly reduce readiness; scores below ~60 reflect inconsistent sleep duration likely to lower Readiness. Higher scores are better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Oura Ring Sleep Data: Readiness Trends - Readiness Score

Oura Ring will continuously measure aspects of physical readiness trends, including readiness score. The score ranges from 0-100, higher scores indicate better outcomes. Calculation for this measure was dervied from averaging all daily scores into an aggregate value.

Body Measurements: Body Composition (% Body Fat)

Biometrics

Body Measurements: Height (Inches)

Biometrics

Body Measurements: Weight (Lbs)

Biometrics

Body Measurements: C1 - Proximal Thigh Circumference (cm)

Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage

Body Measurements: C2 - Distal Thigh Circumference (cm)

Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage

Body Measurements: L1 - Length of Thigh (cm)

Biometrics - used to calculate PBMT dosage

Kropsmål: Højde (cm)

Biometri

Kropsmål: Vægt (kg/lbs)

Biometri

Kropsmålinger: Kropssammensætning (% kropsfedt)

Biometri

Kropsmål: C1 - proksimal låromkreds (cm)

Biometri - bruges til at beregne PBMT-dosering

Kropsmål: C2 - distal låromkreds (cm)

Biometri - bruges til at beregne PBMT-dosering

Kropsmål: L1 - lårlængde (cm)

Biometri - bruges til at beregne PBMT-dosering