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Artificial Intelligence for Rare Disease Diagnosis

3. juni 2026 opdateret af: Shuyang Zhang, MD, PhD, Peking Union Medical College Hospital

A Multicentre, Randomised Diagnostic Accuracy Study Evaluating AI Assisted Diagnosis of Rare Diseases

A multicentre, randomised diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate whether the rare disease-specific AI can improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency for physicians managing real-world clinical cases.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Rare diseases collectively affect approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. This prolonged diagnostic delay is attributable in large part to the breadth of over 7,000 recognized rare conditions, which far exceeds the clinical exposure of any individual physician. A rare disease-specific diagnostic AI was developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), supporting differential diagnosis generation, clinical workup planning, and genomic variant interpretation. A balanced crossover design ensures that each enrolled physician serves as their own control, substantially reducing confounding from inter-reader variability in baseline diagnostic competency. Within each physician, cases are randomly assigned at the case level to either the AI-assisted or unassisted condition, such that each physician reads a subset of cases with AI assistance and the remaining cases without. This within-reader, case-level randomization eliminates the need for a washout period and directly controls for inter-reader differences in baseline diagnostic competency. All cases are collected from real-world clinical settings with independently confirmed gold-standard diagnoses and span a pre-specified spectrum of rare and non-rare disease categories, reflecting the differential diagnostic challenge encountered in routine clinical practice, to ensure diagnostic breadth and clinical representativeness. Physician seniority (junior vs. senior) is incorporated as a pre-specified stratification and subgroup analysis variable. Diagnostic outputs are evaluated by an independent Expert Adjudication Committee, blinded to the assistance condition, using standardized scoring criteria established prior to data collection.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

150

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Kina
      • Beijing, Kina
        • Peking Union Medical College Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Cangzhou, Kina
        • Cangzhou Central Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Changchun, Kina
        • Changchun Sacred Heart Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Dongguan, Kina
        • Dongguan People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Foshan, Kina
        • First People's Hospital of Foshan
        • Kontakt:
      • Guiyang, Kina
        • Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Jilin City, Kina
        • Jilin Central General Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Kunming, Kina
        • The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province
        • Kontakt:
          • Jianhong Hou
          • Telefonnummer: +86-0871-63638800
          • E-mail: khyyyb@163.com
      • Lhasa, Kina
        • Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Tianjin, Kina
        • Tianjin Children's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Wuhai, Kina
        • Wuhai People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Xining, Kina
        • Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital
        • Kontakt:
      • Zhangzhou, Kina
        • Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province
        • Kontakt:

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 1. Licensed physicians at the junior or senior level affiliated with internal medicine, neurology, pediatrics, and rare disease-related departments.
  • 2. Willingness to provide written informed consent, adhere to trial protocols, and complete all required pre-study training prior to enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • 1. Prior exposure to any of the clinical cases included in the study case library.
  • 2. Direct participation in the design or development of the AI model.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Diagnostisk
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Crossover opgave
  • Maskning: Enkelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Intervention Arm
Physicians complete assigned diagnostic tasks with the assistance of AI system in addition to conventional clinical resources.
Andet: AI-Assisted Diagnosis
A rare disease-specific diagnostic AI model is used to accept free text input and assist in rare disease diagnoses. During the experimental condition, physicians may interact with the system freely alongside standard clinical resources to support their diagnostic reasoning.
Ingen indgriben: Control Arm
Physicians complete the assigned diagnostic tasks using conventional clinical resources only (e.g., medical databases and literature), without access to any generative AI tools. This arm reflects routine clinical diagnostic practice.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Top-3 Diagnostic Accuracy
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).
The percentage of definitive diagnosis is included within the physician's top 3 choices.
Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Diagnosis Time per Case
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).
Elapsed time from initial case presentation to final diagnostic report submission, recorded automatically via system logs.
Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).
Workup Plan Quality
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).
Quality score of the clinical workup plan assigned by an independent expert committee using a standardized Likert Scale. Scores range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating better workup plan quality.
Up to 60 minutes per case (from case presentation to diagnostic report submission).
Physician Reported Usability of the AI-Assisted Diagnostic System
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Physician-reported usability of the AI system, assessed after completion of each AI-assisted case reading using a 10-point physician-rated usability scale. Scores range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating better system usability.
Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Physician Reported Workload
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Task-related workload experienced by physicians, assessed after completion of each AI-assisted case reading using a 10-point Physician Workload Likert scale. Scores range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating a higher workload.
Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Physician Satisfaction
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Overall satisfaction of physicians with the diagnostic workflow, assessed after completion of each AI-assisted case reading using a 10-point Satisfaction Likert scale. Scores range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction.
Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Physician Intention to Adopt AI-Assisted Diagnostic Support
Tidsramme: Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).
Physician willingness to integrate AI system into routine clinical practice, assessed after completion of each AI-assisted case reading using a 10-point Adoption Intention Likert scale. Scores range from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher adoption intention.
Up to 60 minutes per case (upon completion of each case reading).

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Samarbejdspartnere

Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
First People's Hospital of Foshan
Dongguan People's Hospital
Qinghai People's Hospital
Cangzhou Central Hospital
The First People's Hospital of Yunnan
Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital
Tianjin Children's Hospital
Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Shuyang Zhang, Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

20. juni 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. december 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. juni 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

28. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

3. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

4. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

4. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

3. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • PUMCH I-23PJ948

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