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Satiety Evaluation of Mature Okra Flour-incorporated Biscuit (MOFB)

3 juin 2026 mis à jour par: Tan Chee Yee, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Evaluating the Impact of Mature Okra Flour-Incorporated Biscuits (MOFB) on Perceived Satiety Through the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) Scale and Metabolomic Approach

This study aims to evaluate whether eating biscuits made with mature okra flour can help young adults feel fuller (enhance satiety) and change certain blood markers compared to eating standard biscuits.

Mature okra is a nutrient-dense agricultural by-product that is often discarded due to its tough texture. For this study, mature okra pods are dried and ground into a flour, which is then used to replace 10% of the wheat flour in a custom biscuit formulation.

Participants will take part in a single-blind, randomised trial where they will consume either the okra-incorporated biscuits or the standard control biscuits on separate occasions. Researchers will measure participants' perceived fullness over 165 minutes using a visual rating scale. Blood samples will also be collected at specific intervals during this time to evaluate blood glucose levels, appetite-related hormones, and metabolic responses.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Recrutement

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

Okra is one of the top ten most consumed vegetable crops by Malaysians, with 1.7kg per capita consumption as reported by the Department of Statistic Malaysia in 2023. Among the total 65.6 thousand tonnes of output available, around 7.7% of the okra is turned into waste and partially fed to the livestock. Mature okra becomes unmarketable and turns into waste because it develops a tougher, more fibrous texture and a less desirable taste, unlike tender, immature okra, which is typically preferred for consumption. Studies in the literature found that mature okra also possesses comparable nutrient content or is even better than immature okra in certain aspects. Incorporation of agricultural waste, for instance, mature okra, into food products can offer significant health advantages besides reducing waste and also promotes a sustainable future, aligning with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goal No.12. Besides, transforming mature okra and other agricultural by-products into functional or value-added foods is an urge to address environmental and unsustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mature okra flour-incorporated biscuits (MOFB) on perceived satiety and metabolomic responses. Mature okra flour will be prepared by dehydrating and grinding okra pods, then incorporated into biscuits at 10% substitution of wheat flour. This ratio of mature okra flour incorporation is pre-determined based on the previous phase study, as this ratio of incorporation results in a better nutritional profile and an acceptable sensorial score. Subsequently, thirty healthy young adults will participate in a single-blind, randomised trial comparing MOFB and control biscuits. Satiety will be assessed using the SLIM scale and blood glucose measurements over 165 minutes post-consumption. Blood samples will be collected for hormone and metabolomic analyses using ELISA, RIA, and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The findings will help determine whether MOFB enhances satiety and alters metabolic profiles, supporting its potential as a functional food for appetite regulation.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

30

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

    • Selangor
      • Serdang, Selangor, Malaisie, 43400
        • Recrutement
        • Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
        • Contact:
        • Chercheur principal:
          • Mohd Redzwan Sabran, PhD
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Chee Yee Tan

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte

Accepte les volontaires sains

Oui

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Young adults aged between 18 and 39 years.
  • Normal Body Mass Index (BMI).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smokers.
  • Pregnant or lactating women.
  • Individuals with daily medication prescriptions for chronic metabolic conditions, cardiovascular management, or hormonal regulation.
  • Use of daily medications/supplements that influence appetite regulation, metabolic signalling, or systemic metabolomic profiles, including:

    1. Hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, and oral/injectable anti-obesity medications (e.g., GLP-1 agonists).
    2. Antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents (statins).
    3. Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
    4. Daily fibre supplements.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Seul

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Mature Okra Flour-incorporated Biscuit (MOFB) Group
Young adult participants assigned to this group will consume the functional biscuit formulation incorporated with mature okra flour. Perceived satiety, metabolomic profiles, and appetite signalling will be assessed post-ingestion.
Standard biscuit formulation manufactured where 10% of the wheat flour is substituted with mature okra flour, designed to enhance the nutritional profile while maintaining acceptable sensory scores.
Comparateur actif: Control Biscuit Group
Young adult participants assigned to this group will consume the standard control biscuit formulation made with 100% wheat flour. Perceived satiety, metabolomic profiles, and appetite signalling will be assessed post-ingestion.
Standard biscuit formulation manufactured using 100% wheat flour, designed to match the sensory profile and appearance of the experimental biscuit without the inclusion of mature okra flour.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Satiety Response
Délai: Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
The satiety response after biscuit consumption will be determined by the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) scale. The SLIM scale consists of a 100mm vertical line with labelled phrases to indicate satiety: "greatest imaginable fullness", "extremely full", "very full", "moderately full", "slightly full", "neither hungry nor full", "slightly hungry", "moderately hungry", "very hungry", and "extremely hungry", and "greatest imaginable hunger". The first satiety survey is filled before breakfast (time 0), and the remaining surveys at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 min later.
Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
Change in Plasma Insulin Concentration
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of insulin will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates metabolic responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Active Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Concentration
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of active GLP-1 will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Plasma Peptide YY (PYY3-36) Concentration
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of PYY3-36 will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Plasma Cholecystokinin (CCK) Concentration
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of CCK will be determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Active Ghrelin Concentration
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of active ghrelin will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates orexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Changes in Metabolite Profiles
Délai: Fasting state (0 minutes) and 165 minutes post-consumption
For metabolomic analysis, the blood samples will be taken in the fasting state (0 min) and after the last satiety survey (165 min). Metabolites will be quantified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and the serum samples will be prepared according to In Vitro Diagnostics Research (IVDr) standard operating procedures.
Fasting state (0 minutes) and 165 minutes post-consumption

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Blood Glucose Response
Délai: Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
The capillary blood glucose will be measured using the finger-prick method during the fasting state (time 0), and at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 min later.
Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
Ad Libitum Energy Intake at a Subsequent Meal
Délai: At the end of the satiety evaluation session (165 minutes post-biscuit consumption)
Following the 165-minute satiety evaluation session, participants will be served an ad libitum meal consisting of fried rice and requested to consume as much as they want until comfortably full. The weight of the food consumed will be calculated by subtracting the remaining food weight from the initial served weight using a digital weighing scale (accurate to 1.0 g). Total energy intake will be calculated by multiplying the weight of the food consumed by the specific caloric content of the fried rice (expressed in kilocalories).
At the end of the satiety evaluation session (165 minutes post-biscuit consumption)

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Les enquêteurs

  • Chaise d'étude: Mohd Redzwan Sabran, PhD, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

15 mai 2026

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

25 juin 2026

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

25 juin 2026

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

28 mai 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

3 juin 2026

Première publication (Réel)

8 juin 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

8 juin 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

3 juin 2026

Dernière vérification

1 juin 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • JKEUPM-2025-1085
  • GP-IPS/2024/9813100 (Autre subvention/numéro de financement: Universiti Putra Malaysia)

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Description du régime IPD

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared to protect participant confidentiality in accordance with institutional ethics committee guidelines. However, aggregated study data and final statistical outcomes will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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