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Satiety Evaluation of Mature Okra Flour-incorporated Biscuit (MOFB)

3 de junho de 2026 atualizado por: Tan Chee Yee, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Evaluating the Impact of Mature Okra Flour-Incorporated Biscuits (MOFB) on Perceived Satiety Through the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) Scale and Metabolomic Approach

This study aims to evaluate whether eating biscuits made with mature okra flour can help young adults feel fuller (enhance satiety) and change certain blood markers compared to eating standard biscuits.

Mature okra is a nutrient-dense agricultural by-product that is often discarded due to its tough texture. For this study, mature okra pods are dried and ground into a flour, which is then used to replace 10% of the wheat flour in a custom biscuit formulation.

Participants will take part in a single-blind, randomised trial where they will consume either the okra-incorporated biscuits or the standard control biscuits on separate occasions. Researchers will measure participants' perceived fullness over 165 minutes using a visual rating scale. Blood samples will also be collected at specific intervals during this time to evaluate blood glucose levels, appetite-related hormones, and metabolic responses.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Okra is one of the top ten most consumed vegetable crops by Malaysians, with 1.7kg per capita consumption as reported by the Department of Statistic Malaysia in 2023. Among the total 65.6 thousand tonnes of output available, around 7.7% of the okra is turned into waste and partially fed to the livestock. Mature okra becomes unmarketable and turns into waste because it develops a tougher, more fibrous texture and a less desirable taste, unlike tender, immature okra, which is typically preferred for consumption. Studies in the literature found that mature okra also possesses comparable nutrient content or is even better than immature okra in certain aspects. Incorporation of agricultural waste, for instance, mature okra, into food products can offer significant health advantages besides reducing waste and also promotes a sustainable future, aligning with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goal No.12. Besides, transforming mature okra and other agricultural by-products into functional or value-added foods is an urge to address environmental and unsustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mature okra flour-incorporated biscuits (MOFB) on perceived satiety and metabolomic responses. Mature okra flour will be prepared by dehydrating and grinding okra pods, then incorporated into biscuits at 10% substitution of wheat flour. This ratio of mature okra flour incorporation is pre-determined based on the previous phase study, as this ratio of incorporation results in a better nutritional profile and an acceptable sensorial score. Subsequently, thirty healthy young adults will participate in a single-blind, randomised trial comparing MOFB and control biscuits. Satiety will be assessed using the SLIM scale and blood glucose measurements over 165 minutes post-consumption. Blood samples will be collected for hormone and metabolomic analyses using ELISA, RIA, and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The findings will help determine whether MOFB enhances satiety and alters metabolic profiles, supporting its potential as a functional food for appetite regulation.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

30

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Estude backup de contato

Locais de estudo

    • Selangor
      • Serdang, Selangor, Malásia, 43400
        • Recrutamento
        • Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
        • Contato:
        • Investigador principal:
          • Mohd Redzwan Sabran, PhD
        • Subinvestigador:
          • Chee Yee Tan

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Young adults aged between 18 and 39 years.
  • Normal Body Mass Index (BMI).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smokers.
  • Pregnant or lactating women.
  • Individuals with daily medication prescriptions for chronic metabolic conditions, cardiovascular management, or hormonal regulation.
  • Use of daily medications/supplements that influence appetite regulation, metabolic signalling, or systemic metabolomic profiles, including:

    1. Hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, and oral/injectable anti-obesity medications (e.g., GLP-1 agonists).
    2. Antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents (statins).
    3. Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
    4. Daily fibre supplements.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Outro
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Solteiro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Mature Okra Flour-incorporated Biscuit (MOFB) Group
Young adult participants assigned to this group will consume the functional biscuit formulation incorporated with mature okra flour. Perceived satiety, metabolomic profiles, and appetite signalling will be assessed post-ingestion.
Standard biscuit formulation manufactured where 10% of the wheat flour is substituted with mature okra flour, designed to enhance the nutritional profile while maintaining acceptable sensory scores.
Comparador Ativo: Control Biscuit Group
Young adult participants assigned to this group will consume the standard control biscuit formulation made with 100% wheat flour. Perceived satiety, metabolomic profiles, and appetite signalling will be assessed post-ingestion.
Standard biscuit formulation manufactured using 100% wheat flour, designed to match the sensory profile and appearance of the experimental biscuit without the inclusion of mature okra flour.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Satiety Response
Prazo: Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
The satiety response after biscuit consumption will be determined by the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) scale. The SLIM scale consists of a 100mm vertical line with labelled phrases to indicate satiety: "greatest imaginable fullness", "extremely full", "very full", "moderately full", "slightly full", "neither hungry nor full", "slightly hungry", "moderately hungry", "very hungry", and "extremely hungry", and "greatest imaginable hunger". The first satiety survey is filled before breakfast (time 0), and the remaining surveys at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 min later.
Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
Change in Plasma Insulin Concentration
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of insulin will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates metabolic responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Active Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Concentration
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of active GLP-1 will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Plasma Peptide YY (PYY3-36) Concentration
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of PYY3-36 will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Plasma Cholecystokinin (CCK) Concentration
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of CCK will be determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. This metric evaluates anorexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Change in Active Ghrelin Concentration
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Plasma concentration of active ghrelin will be measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. This metric evaluates orexigenic hormone responses to the biscuit interventions.
Fasting state (0 minutes), 75 minutes, and 165 minutes post-consumption
Changes in Metabolite Profiles
Prazo: Fasting state (0 minutes) and 165 minutes post-consumption
For metabolomic analysis, the blood samples will be taken in the fasting state (0 min) and after the last satiety survey (165 min). Metabolites will be quantified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and the serum samples will be prepared according to In Vitro Diagnostics Research (IVDr) standard operating procedures.
Fasting state (0 minutes) and 165 minutes post-consumption

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Blood Glucose Response
Prazo: Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
The capillary blood glucose will be measured using the finger-prick method during the fasting state (time 0), and at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135 and 165 min later.
Baseline (0 minutes) and post-consumption at 15, 45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 minutes
Ad Libitum Energy Intake at a Subsequent Meal
Prazo: At the end of the satiety evaluation session (165 minutes post-biscuit consumption)
Following the 165-minute satiety evaluation session, participants will be served an ad libitum meal consisting of fried rice and requested to consume as much as they want until comfortably full. The weight of the food consumed will be calculated by subtracting the remaining food weight from the initial served weight using a digital weighing scale (accurate to 1.0 g). Total energy intake will be calculated by multiplying the weight of the food consumed by the specific caloric content of the fried rice (expressed in kilocalories).
At the end of the satiety evaluation session (165 minutes post-biscuit consumption)

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Cadeira de estudo: Mohd Redzwan Sabran, PhD, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

15 de maio de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

25 de junho de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

25 de junho de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

28 de maio de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

3 de junho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

8 de junho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

8 de junho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

3 de junho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de junho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • JKEUPM-2025-1085
  • GP-IPS/2024/9813100 (Número de outro subsídio/financiamento: Universiti Putra Malaysia)

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared to protect participant confidentiality in accordance with institutional ethics committee guidelines. However, aggregated study data and final statistical outcomes will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .

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