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Effects of Physical and Cognitive Fatigue on Reaction Time and Depth Perception in Adolescents

28 settembre 2026 aggiornato da: Ahmet Kaan Aslan, AslanAhmetKaan

Differential Effects of Physical, Cognitive, and Combined Fatigue on Reaction Time and Depth Perception in Adolescents

This study investigates how physical fatigue, cognitive fatigue, and a combination of both affect reaction time and depth perception in adolescents.

Sixty healthy adolescents will participate in four experimental conditions: a control condition, a physical fatigue condition, a cognitive fatigue condition, and a combined fatigue condition. Physical fatigue will be induced using a modified shuttle run protocol, while cognitive fatigue will be induced using computerized Stroop and mental arithmetic tasks.

Reaction time will be assessed using the BlazePod system, and depth perception will be evaluated using the Titmus Fly Stereotest before and after each condition. Heart rate, perceived exertion, and mental fatigue will also be measured to verify the effectiveness of the fatigue protocols.

The findings may improve understanding of how different types of fatigue influence perceptual and motor performance in adolescents and may contribute to the development of safer and more effective training and sport participation strategies.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Fatigue is a multifactorial phenomenon that can impair cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance. While the independent effects of physical fatigue and cognitive fatigue have been widely investigated, limited evidence exists regarding their comparative and combined effects on reaction time and depth perception during adolescence. Because perceptual and motor functions play a critical role in sports performance, injury prevention, and daily activities, understanding the effects of different fatigue states in adolescents is of practical and scientific importance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the differential effects of physical fatigue, cognitive fatigue, and combined fatigue on reaction time and depth perception in healthy adolescents. A within-subject crossover design will be employed, in which each participant completes four experimental conditions: control, physical fatigue, cognitive fatigue, and combined fatigue. Physical fatigue will be induced using a modified 20-meter shuttle run protocol. Cognitive fatigue will be induced through computerized Stroop and mental arithmetic tasks designed to impose sustained demands on attention, inhibitory control, working memory, and information processing. The combined fatigue condition will include both physical and cognitive fatigue protocols within the same session.

Reaction time will be measured using the BlazePod wireless light-based system, and depth perception will be assessed using the Titmus Fly Stereotest. Measurements will be obtained immediately before and after each experimental condition. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and mental fatigue scores will be collected as manipulation checks to confirm the effectiveness of the fatigue protocols.

The results of this study are expected to improve understanding of the mechanisms through which different types of fatigue influence perceptual and motor performance in adolescents and may provide practical implications for youth sports training, performance monitoring, and injury prevention strategies.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

60

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 14 anni a 18 anni (Bambino, Adulto)

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adolescents aged 14 to 18 years.
  • Male or female participants.
  • Normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
  • Ability to understand and follow study procedures.
  • Written informed consent from both the participant and a parent/legal guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of neurological disorders.
  • Visual disorders affecting depth perception.
  • Orthopedic injuries or musculoskeletal conditions limiting physical activity.
  • Any medical condition that would contraindicate participation in physical exercise.
  • Failure to complete all experimental sessions.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Scienza basilare
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione incrociata
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Control Condition

Participants completed the testing procedures without exposure to any physical or cognitive fatigue protocol. Reaction time and depth perception were assessed before and after the control condition.

Participants completed the testing procedures without exposure to any physical or cognitive fatigue protocol.

Sperimentale: Physical Fatigue Condition

Participants completed a 16-minute modified 20-meter shuttle run protocol designed to induce physical fatigue. Reaction time and depth perception were assessed before and after the protocol.

A 16-minute modified 20-meter shuttle run protocol designed to induce physical fatigue through progressively increasing running intensity.

Sperimentale: Cognitive Fatigue Condition

Participants completed a 16-minute cognitive fatigue protocol consisting of an 8-minute Stroop task and an 8-minute mental arithmetic task. Reaction time and depth perception were assessed before and after the protocol.

A 16-minute computerized protocol consisting of Stroop and mental arithmetic tasks designed to induce cognitive fatigue.

Sperimentale: Combined Fatigue Condition

Participants completed a combined fatigue protocol consisting of 8 minutes of a modified shuttle run followed by 4 minutes of a Stroop task and 4 minutes of a mental arithmetic task. Reaction time and depth perception were assessed before and after the protocol.

A protocol combining physical and cognitive fatigue tasks, including a modified shuttle run, Stroop task, and mental arithmetic task.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Reaction Time
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Reaction time will be assessed using the BlazePod wireless light-based system. Reaction time will be recorded in milliseconds as the latency between stimulus presentation and participant response. Two trials will be performed, and the best performance will be used for analysis.

Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.
Depth Perception
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Depth perception will be assessed using the Titmus Fly Stereotest. Stereopsis will be expressed in arc seconds, with lower values indicating better depth perception performance. Two trials will be conducted at each measurement point, and the lowest value will be used for analysis.

Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Heart Rate
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Heart rate will be measured before and after each experimental condition using photoplethysmography (PPG)-based smartwatches to verify the effectiveness of fatigue induction.

Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Lasso di tempo: Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Borg CR-20 Scale before and after each experimental condition to evaluate subjective fatigue levels.

Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Borg CR-20 Scale before and after each experimental condition to evaluate subjective fatigue levels.

Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Borg CR-20 Scale before and after each experimental condition to evaluate subjective fatigue levels.
Mental Fatigue Scale Score
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Mental fatigue will be assessed using the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), a 15-item self-report questionnaire measuring cognitive, emotional, and sensory aspects of fatigue.

Immediately before and immediately after each experimental condition.

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Ahmet Kaan ASLAN, PhD, Gazi University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

1 aprile 2026

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

21 maggio 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

31 maggio 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

28 settembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

28 settembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

2 ottobre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

2 ottobre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

28 settembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 settembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • Kaaslan-1

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be made publicly available. Data contain information collected from adolescent participants, and sharing is restricted to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .