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Early Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Low-Renin Essential Hypertension (EMERALD)

Early Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy for Low-Renin Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Study

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early initiation of eplerenone, a second-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, compared with standard antihypertensive treatment in adults with low-renin essential hypertension. The study will assess whether an eplerenone-based treatment strategy provides greater blood pressure reduction, improves blood pressure control, and reduces antihypertensive medication burden compared with standard treatment.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

The EMERALD Trial is a prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of early initiation of a second-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with standard antihypertensive treatment in adults with low-renin essential hypertension.

A total of 128 eligible participants will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group or a control group.

In the intervention group, participants will receive an eplerenone-based treatment strategy, starting with eplerenone 50 mg once daily. The dose may be gradually increased to 50 mg twice daily, and additional antihypertensive medications may be added according to blood pressure response and treatment tolerability.

In the control group, participants will receive standard antihypertensive treatment based on current clinical guidelines and routine practice. Medication doses may be gradually increased or treatment regimens adjusted according to blood pressure response and treatment tolerability.

In both groups, treatment will be adjusted to achieve an office seated blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg.

Participants will be followed for 24 weeks, with scheduled clinic visits at baseline and weeks 4, 12, and 24, supplemented by remote follow-up between visits.

The primary outcome is the change in mean daytime systolic blood pressure from baseline to week 12, assessed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Secondary outcomes include changes in office and ambulatory blood pressure, blood pressure control rates, treatment adjustments, time to blood pressure control, and antihypertensive medication burden assessed using defined daily doses.

Exploratory outcomes include changes in cardiac structure and function, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and circulating renin and aldosterone levels. Treatment safety will be evaluated throughout the study, with particular attention to hyperkalemia, changes in kidney function, symptomatic hypotension, and other adverse events.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

128

Fase

  • Fase 4

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Beijing Municipality
      • Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Cina, 100037
        • Fuwai Hospital

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

18 anni e precedenti (Adulto, Adulto più anziano)

Accetta volontari sani

No

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older.
  • Either untreated hypertension, defined as mean seated office systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or hypertension currently treated with no more than two antihypertensive agents.
  • Plasma direct renin concentration <12 mU/L after the protocol-specified medication washout: at least 4 weeks for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, epithelial sodium channel inhibitors, and other diuretics; and at least 2 weeks for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and beta-blockers.
  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg.
  • Current use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists or other medications that interfere with renin or aldosterone measurements, including glucocorticoids, oral estrogens, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
  • Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or women of childbearing potential who are not using reliable contraception.
  • Body mass index ≥37.5 kg/m².
  • Serum potassium ≥5.0 mmol/L.
  • Diabetes mellitus with glycated hemoglobin ≥7.5%.
  • Chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m² or urine dipstick protein >2+.
  • New York Heart Association functional class II-IV heart failure, coronary artery disease, or a history of transient ischemic attack, stroke, or atrial fibrillation.
  • Hepatic impairment with alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥2 times the upper limit of normal.
  • Secondary hypertension or another condition affecting blood pressure regulation, including licorice abuse, primary hyperparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, autonomous cortisol secretion, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, renal artery stenosis, or known monogenic low-renin hypertension.
  • Known allergy or intolerance to any study medication or its components.
  • Inability to tolerate the required medication washout period.
  • Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes participation unsuitable.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Early Eplerenone-Based Treatment

Participants will receive stepped antihypertensive treatment starting with eplerenone 50 mg orally once daily. Treatment will be intensified as needed by sequentially adding amlodipine 5 mg once daily, increasing eplerenone to 50 mg twice daily, increasing amlodipine to 5 mg twice daily, adding hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg once daily, adding doxazosin 4 mg once daily, and increasing hydrochlorothiazide to 25 mg once daily. Participants taking two antihypertensive drugs before washout will generally start with eplerenone plus amlodipine. Treatment adjustments will depend on blood pressure, tolerability, and safety assessments, with a target seated office blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. Treatment will continue for 24 weeks.

Eplerenone will be administered orally at 50 mg once daily as the initial treatment in the experimental arm. The dose may be increased to 50 mg twice daily according to the prespecified treatment algorithm, blood pressure response, tolerability, serum potassium, and kidney function. Treatment will continue for 24 weeks, with dose reduction or interruption when clinically indicated.

Comparatore attivo: Standard Treatment

Participants will receive stepped antihypertensive treatment starting with telmisartan 40 mg orally once daily. Treatment will be intensified as needed by sequentially adding amlodipine 5 mg once daily, increasing telmisartan to 80 mg once daily, increasing amlodipine to 5 mg twice daily, adding hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg once daily, adding doxazosin 4 mg once daily, and increasing hydrochlorothiazide to 25 mg once daily. Participants taking two antihypertensive drugs before washout will generally start with telmisartan plus amlodipine. Treatment adjustments will depend on blood pressure, tolerability, and safety assessments, with a target seated office blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg. Treatment will continue for 24 weeks.

Telmisartan will be administered orally at 40 mg once daily as the initial treatment in the active comparator arm. The dose may be increased to 80 mg once daily according to the prespecified treatment algorithm, blood pressure response, and tolerability. Treatment will continue for 24 weeks, with dose reduction or interruption when clinically indicated.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change From Baseline in Mean Daytime Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 12
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 12

Change in mean daytime systolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, from baseline to Week 12. Mean daytime systolic blood pressure is the average of all valid daytime systolic readings. A valid recording requires at least 70% of scheduled readings, including at least 20 daytime readings and 7 nighttime readings. Change is calculated as the Week 12 value minus the baseline value; a negative value indicates a reduction in blood pressure.

Baseline and Week 12

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change From Baseline in Office Systolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24

Change in seated office systolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, from baseline to each assessment. Measurements are obtained after at least 5 minutes of seated rest using a standardized upper-arm blood pressure monitor.

Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Office Diastolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24

Change in seated office diastolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, from baseline to each assessment. Measurements are obtained after at least 5 minutes of seated rest using a standardized upper-arm blood pressure monitor.

Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24
Percentage of Participants Achieving Office Blood Pressure Control
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Percentage of participants with seated office systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Percentage of Participants Achieving an Office Blood Pressure Response
Lasso di tempo: Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24

Percentage of participants with a reduction from baseline in office systolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg, a reduction in office diastolic blood pressure of at least 5 mmHg, or achievement of office blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg.

Baseline, Week 12, and Week 24
Number of Antihypertensive Treatment Adjustments
Lasso di tempo: From randomization through Week 24

Cumulative number of antihypertensive treatment adjustments per participant, including dose increases, addition of a drug, and discontinuation of a drug.

From randomization through Week 24
Time to First Documented Office Blood Pressure Control
Lasso di tempo: From randomization through Week 24

Time, measured in weeks from randomization, to the first study visit at which seated office systolic blood pressure is below 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg.

From randomization through Week 24
Mean 24-Hour Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Mean systolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, calculated from all valid readings during 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Mean 24-Hour Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Mean diastolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, calculated from all valid readings during 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Mean Nighttime Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Mean systolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, calculated from all valid nighttime readings during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Mean Nighttime Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Mean diastolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, calculated from all valid nighttime readings during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Mean Daytime Ambulatory Diastolic Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: Week 12 and Week 24

Mean diastolic blood pressure, measured in mmHg, calculated from all valid daytime readings during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at each assessment.

Week 12 and Week 24
Antihypertensive Medication Burden at Achievement of Target Office Blood Pressure
Lasso di tempo: At achievement of target office blood pressure during the 24-week treatment period

Total antihypertensive medication burden required to achieve office blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, expressed in World Health Organization defined daily dose equivalents. For each drug, the prescribed daily dose is divided by its defined daily dose, and the resulting values are summed across drugs.

At achievement of target office blood pressure during the 24-week treatment period

Altre misure di risultato

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular Mass Index
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in echocardiographically measured left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area, expressed in g/m².

Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Left Atrial Volume Index
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in left atrial volume indexed to body surface area, measured by echocardiography and expressed in mL/m²

Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, calculated by dividing urinary albumin concentration by urinary creatinine concentration

Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Plasma Aldosterone Concentration
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in plasma aldosterone concentration, measured using a standardized chemiluminescent immunoassay.

Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Direct Renin Concentration
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in direct renin concentration, expressed in mU/L and measured using the DiaSorin LIAISON chemiluminescent immunoassay

Baseline and Week 24
Change From Baseline in Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and Week 24

Change in the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to direct renin concentration

Baseline and Week 24

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 dicembre 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

31 dicembre 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

30 aprile 2028

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

6 novembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

6 novembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

12 novembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

12 novembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

6 novembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 ottobre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 2026-3206

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

INDECISO

Descrizione del piano IPD

The plan for sharing de-identified individual participant data has not yet been determined. The decision will consider participant consent, ethics committee requirements, institutional policies, and applicable data protection regulations. This statement will be updated once a decision has been made.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .