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Effect of TENS on Spasticity

20 giugno 2026 aggiornato da: Korhan Barış Bayram, Izmir Katip Celebi University

The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Spasticity: A Single-Subject Experimental Study

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is effective in reducing spasticity in adults with post-stroke spasticity. The primary research question is whether TENS can reduce the severity of spasticity. The effectiveness of TENS will be assessed by comparing spasticity-related outcomes measured before, during, and after the intervention. Participants will first undergo a one-hour baseline monitoring period, during which assessments will be conducted at 10-minute intervals. This will be followed by a 30-minute TENS intervention and a two-hour follow-up period, with assessments performed every 10 minutes. One participant will repeat this protocol once daily for three consecutive days, whereas the remaining three participants will undergo the procedure on a single occasion.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Post-stroke spasticity is a common consequence of upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by increased muscle overactivity and exaggerated stretch reflex responses. It can negatively affect motor function, daily activities, and quality of life in stroke survivors.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive and widely used rehabilitation modality that may modulate spinal and supraspinal neural mechanisms through activation of sensory afferent pathways. Although previous studies have reported potential benefits of TENS for spasticity management, findings remain inconsistent because of methodological heterogeneity, variability in stimulation parameters, and differences in individual treatment responses.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of sensory-level TENS on wrist flexor spasticity and spinal motor neuron excitability in individuals with chronic post-stroke spastic paresis. Specifically, the study will examine whether TENS influences clinical spasticity, the duration of any observed effects, the magnitude of treatment-related changes, and the reproducibility of these effects across participants.

Two complementary single-case experimental designs will be used. First, a withdrawal/reversal design (ABABA with washout periods) will be employed to evaluate the causal effects of TENS on outcome measures. Second, a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design across participants will be used to assess the consistency of intervention effects across individuals.

TENS will be applied over the paretic wrist flexor muscles for 30 minutes using symmetrical biphasic rectangular pulses (100 Hz, 200 μs). Stimulation intensity will be adjusted to a clearly perceived sensory level without visible muscle contraction or discomfort.

The primary outcomes are clinical spasticity, assessed by muscle reaction angle during rapid passive stretch, and spinal motor neuron excitability, assessed by the Hmax/Mmax ratio obtained from flexor carpi radialis H-reflex recordings. Repeated measurements will be performed throughout the experimental phases to evaluate immediate and time-dependent changes associated with TENS application.

This study is expected to provide individual-level evidence regarding the effects and temporal characteristics of sensory-level TENS in chronic post-stroke spasticity.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

4

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

  • Nome: Korhan B Bayram, M.D.
  • Numero di telefono: +905073066695
  • Email: korbay@gmail.com

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Karabağlar
      • Izmir, Karabağlar, Turchia (Türkiye), 35150
        • Izmir Katip Celebi University

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age between 18 and 70 years
  • Post-stroke wrist flexor spasticity scored as Grade 2 or 3 on the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS), specifically selecting patients whose passive stretch resistance (post-catch response) can be easily overcome to ensure accurate and unconfounded electrophysiological evaluation.
  • At least 6 months post-stroke (chronic phase).
  • Provision of voluntary, written informed consent prior to study enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age <18 or >70 year
  • Contraindications to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (e.g., implanted electronic devices, history of epilepsy, or localized skin lesions preventing electrode placement)
  • Concomitant wrist contracture or pain sufficient to impede clinical evaluation
  • Structural abnormalities of the elbow joint obstructing median nerve stimulation
  • Median nerve neuropathy or injury in the affected upper extremity.
  • Non-stable dosage of antispastic medications within the 2 weeks prior to baseline
  • Initiation of medications affecting nerve conduction (e.g., antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anesthetics) within the past month; patients on a stable dose for >1 month remain eligible
  • Botulinum toxin injection in the target spastic muscles within the preceding 3 months
  • History of neurolytic procedures targeting spasticity in the affected limb.
  • History of orthopedic or neurological surgery targeting spasticity in the affected limb
  • Cognitive impairment severe enough to compromise adherence to study protocols
  • Inability to maintain the required testing positions for the upper extremity joints (shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist)
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Presence of active malignancy at or near the treatment area.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: N / A
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione di gruppo singolo
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Participants with chronic post-stroke wrist flexor spasticity will receive sensory-level transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied over the paretic wrist flexor muscles during the intervention (B) phase. TENS will be delivered for 30 minutes using a symmetrical biphasic rectangular waveform with a frequency of 100 Hz and a pulse duration of 200 μs. Stimulation intensity will be adjusted to a clearly perceived sensory level without visible muscle contraction or discomfort. During the baseline (A) phase, no intervention will be administered.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) will be applied over the projection area of the paretic wrist flexor muscles (flexor carpi radialis) for 30 minutes. Stimulation parameters will consist of symmetrical biphasic rectangular pulses at a frequency of 100 Hz and a pulse duration of 200 μs. Stimulation intensity will be adjusted to produce a clearly perceived sensory sensation without visible muscle contraction or discomfort.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Angle of Muscle Reaction
Lasso di tempo: From baseline assessment through completion of study participation (1 to 3 days, depending on the assigned experimental design).
The Angle of Muscle Reaction (AMR) is defined as the joint angle at which a catch response is elicited in the wrist flexor muscles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris) during passive stretch performed at the highest achievable velocity. Higher values indicate lower spasticity.
From baseline assessment through completion of study participation (1 to 3 days, depending on the assigned experimental design).
Hmax / Mmax ratio
Lasso di tempo: From baseline assessment through completion of study participation (1 to 3 days, depending on the assigned experimental design).
The Hmax/Mmax ratio is an electrophysiological measure of spinal motor neuron excitability obtained from flexor carpi radialis H-reflex recordings. Higher values indicate greater spinal motor neuron excitability.
From baseline assessment through completion of study participation (1 to 3 days, depending on the assigned experimental design).

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Korhan B Bayram, Izmir Katip Celebi University

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 giugno 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 giugno 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 giugno 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

20 giugno 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

20 giugno 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

25 giugno 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

25 giugno 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

20 giugno 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 giugno 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Since all necessary demographic, clinical, and outcome data will be reported and published in a manuscript as per the study methodology, IPD sharing is currently not deemed required.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

Prove cliniche su Spasticità post-ictus

Prove cliniche su Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

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