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Affective Cognitive Training in Mood Disorders and High-risk Relatives (BACE)

30 oktober 2026 bijgewerkt door: Hanne Lie Kjærstad, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital

Brain Marker for Affective Cognitive Enhancement Following Targeted Training in Patients With Mood Disorders and High-risk Relatives: A Randomized Controlled Trial (BACE)

The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate the effects of a six-week targeted affective cognitive training, combining virtual reality and computer-based exercises, in symptomatically stable patients with mood disorders (major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder) and unaffected first-degree relatives.

The investigators hypothesize that targeted affective cognitive training, compared with treatment as usual, will improve affective cognition (primary outcome), assessed using a composite measure of emotion regulation and facial emotion recognition.

Secondly, the investigators hypothesize that the training will improve self-reported emotion regulation abilities and associated neural activity during emotion regulation, including changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity.

Finally, the investigators will explore whether the training affects broader cognitive functioning, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and longer-term clinical outcomes, including relapse or onset of mood disorder.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

The study will include adults aged 18-60 years with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder who are in full or partial remission at inclusion, as well as unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with mood disorders, with the sample enriched for individuals experiencing emotion regulation difficulties. Symptomatic stability is defined as a score of ≤14 on both the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). To accommodate an approximated drop-out rate of 20% from baseline to treatment completion, the investigators will recruit up to 100 participants until full data sets are obtained for 80 participants (40 participants per arm).

Participants will be recruited through the outpatient Copenhagen Affective Disorder Clinic, other mental health centers in the Capital Region of Denmark, through consultant psychiatrists in the Capital Region and through advertisements on relevant websites. Potentially eligible participants will receive oral and written information about the study and provide written informed consent before undergoing screening and baseline assessments.

At baseline, participants will complete a comprehensive assessment of affective and non-affective cognition. Affective cognition will be assessed using measures of emotion processing and regulation, while non-affective cognition will be assessed across domains including working memory, executive functioning, attention, processing speed and verbal learning and memory. Participants will also complete questionnaires assessing emotion regulation difficulties, habitual emotion-regulation strategies, quality of life and other relevant clinical characteristics. Psychosocial functioning will be assessed using the Functioning Assessment Short Test. Clinical assessments will include the HDRS-17 and YMRS.

Participants will additionally undergo magnetic resonance imaging, including structural imaging, resting-state functional MRI and task-based functional MRI. The task-based paradigms assess emotion reactivity and regulation, processing of emotional faces, and working memory. Biological samples, including blood and hair samples, will be collected to explore potential biological correlates and predictors of treatment response.

Following baseline assessment, participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a six-week targeted affective cognitive training program or treatment as usual. The cognitive training consists of 10 individually delivered sessions combining virtual reality scenarios and computer-based exercises. The training targets attention, executive functioning, emotion recognition, and cognitive reappraisal.

The primary outcome is change in an affective cognition composite comprising performance-based measures of emotion regulation and facial expression recognition. Secondary outcomes include changes in self-reported emotion regulation difficulties and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity during emotion regulation. Exploratory outcomes include changes in broader cognitive functioning, psychosocial functioning, quality of life and other neural and biological measures.

Cognitive assessments, clinical ratings, questionnaires, biological sampling and MRI assessments will be repeated 1 week after the intervention period. Longer-term follow-up assessments will be conducted at 6 and 24 months to explore psychosocial functioning and clinical outcomes, including relapse among participants with mood disorders and onset of psychiatric disorder among unaffected relatives.

Block randomization will be conducted using the automated randomization module in Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) based on an uploaded blocked randomization list stratified by age (< or ≥ 35 years) and diagnosis (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or no diagnosis).

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

100

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

    • Capital Region of Denmark
      • Frederiksberg, Capital Region of Denmark, Denemarken, 2000
        • Werving
        • Neurocognition and Emotion Across Disorders Brain Centre (NEAD)
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 60 jaar (Volwassen)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Confirmed ICD-10 diagnosis of BD or previous UD in partial, or full remission (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 items and Young Mania Rating Scale scores ≤14)
  • Self-reported difficulties with emotion regulation (measured with Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale DERS: total score or at least two subscores ≥ 1 SD above expected norms)
  • Fluency in Danish language

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of schizophrenia
  • Autism spectrum disorder
  • Neurological disorder
  • Alcohol or substance abuse
  • Previous severe head trauma
  • Pregnancy
  • Claustrophobia
  • Pacemaker or other metal implants
  • Daily use of benzodiazepines > 22.5 mg. oxazepam or > 7.5 mg. diazepam per day
  • Received electroconvulsive therapy < 3 months prior to participation

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Geen tussenkomst: Behandeling zoals gewoonlijk
Experimenteel: Targeted affective cognitive training

A six-week targeted affective cognitive training program comprising 10 individual sessions. The training includes psychoeducation, virtual reality tasks, computer-based exercises and between-session assignments.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Affective cognitive composite measure
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

A composite score of affective cognition based on the following tests: the Social Scenarios Task (down-regulation of negative emotion), the VERA task (down-regulation of negative emotion) and the Facial Expression Recognition Task (discrimination accuracy and speed of facial expression recognition). Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Dorsal prefrontal cortex activity during emotion regulation
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure of brain activity in a dorsal prefrontal volume of interest during an emotion regulation task using IAPS pictures (down-regulation versus react to negative pictures).

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)

Questionnaire assessing self-rated emotion regulation difficulties. Lower scores reflect better outcome.

Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)

Andere uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
VERA
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7

Virtual Reality task assessing emotion regulation. Score range 1-5 (lower scores reflect better outcome).

Baseline and week 7
Social Scenarios Task
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Computerized neuropsychological test assessing emotional reactivity and emotion regulation in positive and negative situations. Outcomes include emotion reactivity (score range 0-100, lower scores reflect better outcome) and dampening (score range 0-100, lower scores reflect better outcome).

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Computerized neuropsychological test assessing emotion recognition. Outcomes include reaction time (no score range, lower scores reflect better performance) and hit rate (score range 0-1, higher scores reflect better performance).

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Valence bias task
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Computerized task assessing valence judgements of emotionally ambiguous and clearly valenced stimuli, including faces and scenes

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Rating inventory assessing depressive symptoms. Score range 0-52. Lower scores reflect better outcome.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Rating inventory assessing (hypo)manic symptoms. Score range 0-60. Lower scores reflect better outcome.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Interview-based assessment of functional capacity. Score range 0-72. Lower scores reflect better outcome.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Neural activity during an implicit emotional face-processing task
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure of brain activity during fearful and happy face processing

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Neural activity during a verbal n-back task
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure of brain activity during a working memory task

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Neural activity during resting state
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure of brain activity during resting state

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Changes in brain structure
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) measure of brain morphology, including regional brain volumes and cortical thickness

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-III Letter-Number Sequencing
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing working memory. Score range 0-21. Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Trail Making Test A
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing attention and processing speed. Scored as time to complete. Lower scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Trail Making Test B
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing executive function. Scored as time to complete. Lower scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Verbal fluency with letters "S" and "D"
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing executive functions. No score range. Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Digit Span Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing attention. Score range 0-16. Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Coding
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing psychomotor speed. Score range 0-89. Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Neuropsychological test assessing verbal memory. Outcomes include total recall (score range 0-75), immediate recall (score range 0-15), and delayed recall (score range 0-15). Higher scores reflect better performance.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-30 (ERQ-30)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on habitual emotion regulation strategies.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Attentional Control Scale
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on perceived attentional control. Score range 20-80. Higher scores indicate better attentional control.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)

Questionnaire assessing occupational functioning. Score range 0-40. Higher scores reflect worse outcome.

Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)
Sheehan's Disability Scale (SDS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)

Questionnaire assessing everyday functioning. Score range 0-30. Higher scores reflect worse outcome.

Baseline, week 7 (treatment completion), 6 months (follow-up)
Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Scale (COBRA)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on subjective cognitive complaints. Score range 0-48. Higher scores means worse outcome

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire (STAI)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on state and trait anxiety. Each subscale ranges from 20-80. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on metacognitive beliefs. Score range 30-120. Higher scores indicate more maladaptive metacognitive beliefs.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Questionnaire on health-related quality of life across five dimensions. Higher index scores indicate better health-related quality of life.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Metacognitive Knowledge and Experience
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Ratings of perceived general cognitive functioning and memory performance. Score range -3 to +3, with higher scores indicating better perceived cognitive functioning.

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Blood sample
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Blood-based markers of inflammation and immune activity (C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes)

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)
Hair cortisol
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

Hair cortisol as index of long-term systemic cortisol levels

Baseline and week 7 (treatment completion)

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Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

17 november 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

31 oktober 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 oktober 2029

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

30 oktober 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

30 oktober 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

5 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

5 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

30 oktober 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 oktober 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • H-25024438
  • p-2025-18973 (Andere identificatie: Danish Data Protection Agency)

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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