Preliminary Evaluation of a Large Language Model-Based Tool for Complex Surgical Decision Support in Lung Cancer
Studieoversikt
Status
Status
Forhold
Forhold
Intervensjon / Behandling
Intervensjon / Behandling
Studietype
Studietype
Registrering (Faktiske)
Registrering
Fase
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Kontakter og plasseringer
Studiesteder
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Kina, 100044
- Peking University People's Hospital
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Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Voksen
- Eldre voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of resident physician in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A (3A) hospital;
- Agrees to complete all assessment tasks of the main study phase in accordance with the study protocol;
- Can guarantee the time and effort required to complete all assessment tasks of the main study.
Study Cases:
- The case was discussed at the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) conference of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2025 and May 2026;
- The current version of the NCCN guidelines does not provide an explicit recommendation covering the management of the case;
- Does not overlap with the GAPS evaluation set;
- The case is presented in pure text in a structured format, with all direct and indirect identifiers removed and complete de-identification performed prior to inclusion;
- From the pool of eligible cases, 12 cases will be randomly drawn using Python (numpy.random, with a fixed and archived seed) to serve as the main study cases. The cases will cover 6 themes (chest mass of undetermined diagnosis, early-stage lung cancer, locally advanced lung cancer, oligometastatic/oligoprogressive disease, special intraoperative situations, and tumor recurrence), with 1 - 4 cases per theme.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of attending physician or above in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A hospital;
- Chairs or regularly participates in lung cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) work in their department.
Exclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Has previously participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set or the development of GAPS-Agent;
- Unable to complete the tasks of the study phase.
Study Cases:
- Key case information is missing, such as text-form data on pathology (including IHC/NGS), imaging, laboratory tests, prior medical history, comorbidities, or PS score;
- Decision-making for the case is strictly dependent on non-text information.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set, the content validity verification, or the development of GAPS-Agent for this study;
- Has a direct conflict of interest with any specific product among the two-arm tools of this study.
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Annen
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Enkelt
Antall våpen
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / ArmDeltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / BehandlingIntervensjon / Behandling |
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Eksperimentell: test arm
GAPS-Agent
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The research group has previously developed the GAPS evaluation framework for complex clinical decision-making in lung cancer.
In this framework, G (Grounding) characterizes the cognitive depth of decision-making (ranging from knowledge retrieval to decisions that go beyond clinical guidelines), A (Authority) corresponds to the grading of evidence strength, P (Perturbation) describes the identification and management of real-world clinical confounding factors, and S (Strength) corresponds to the calibration of recommendation strength.
Within this framework, the research group has completed the construction of a 100-item complex lung cancer decision-making evaluation set along with its corresponding rubrics, and has invited multiple thoracic oncology experts to complete content validity validation.
Based on this, the research group developed GAPS-Agent, which uses an open-source large language model as its foundation and integrates functional modules such as guideline and evidence retri
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Aktiv komparator: control arm
LLM
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Open source large language model that is not specifically enhanced in medical field.
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Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Overall plan Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Inter-rater agreement
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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For the ternary preference judgment results of 10 expert judges across 192 paired comparisons and 6 evaluation domains, Fleiss' kappa was used to assess inter-rater agreement.
The kappa value and its 95% confidence interval are reported for each evaluation domain.
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Redundancy Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Evidence-based medicine adherence Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Actionability Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Completeness Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Safety Win Ratio
Tidsramme: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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GAPS automated rubric score
Tidsramme: Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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A third-party large language model, independent of the two study arms' base models, served as the judge model and automatically scored all 96 plans according to the GAPS rubric.
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Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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Subject physician's self-confidence score
Tidsramme: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians self-rated their confidence in their own plan using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool satisfaction score
Tidsramme: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated their satisfaction with the tool using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool trustworthiness score
Tidsramme: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated the tool's credibility using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Decision-making time
Tidsramme: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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The time taken (in minutes) by each participating physician to complete the production of each case plan was automatically recorded by the evaluation platform.
Differences between groups were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
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Primær fullføring (Faktiske)
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Studiet fullført (Faktiske)
Studiet fullført
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
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Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
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Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
Sist oppdatering lagt ut
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Sist bekreftet
Sist bekreftet
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre studie-ID-numre
Andre studie-ID-numre
- 2026PHB458-001
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