Preliminary Evaluation of a Large Language Model-Based Tool for Complex Surgical Decision Support in Lung Cancer
Přehled studie
Postavení
Postavení
Podmínky
Podmínky
Intervence / Léčba
Intervence / Léčba
Typ studie
Typ studie
Zápis (Odhadovaný)
Zápis
Fáze
Fáze
- Nelze použít
Kontakty a umístění
Studijní místa
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Čína, 100044
- Peking University People's Hospital
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Kritéria účasti
Kritéria způsobilosti
Kritéria způsobilosti
Věk způsobilý ke studiu
- Dospělý
- Starší dospělý
Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky
Popis
Inclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of resident physician in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A (3A) hospital;
- Agrees to complete all assessment tasks of the main study phase in accordance with the study protocol;
- Can guarantee the time and effort required to complete all assessment tasks of the main study.
Study Cases:
- The case was discussed at the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) conference of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2025 and May 2026;
- The current version of the NCCN guidelines does not provide an explicit recommendation covering the management of the case;
- Does not overlap with the GAPS evaluation set;
- The case is presented in pure text in a structured format, with all direct and indirect identifiers removed and complete de-identification performed prior to inclusion;
- From the pool of eligible cases, 12 cases will be randomly drawn using Python (numpy.random, with a fixed and archived seed) to serve as the main study cases. The cases will cover 6 themes (chest mass of undetermined diagnosis, early-stage lung cancer, locally advanced lung cancer, oligometastatic/oligoprogressive disease, special intraoperative situations, and tumor recurrence), with 2 cases per theme.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of attending physician or above in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A hospital;
- Chairs or regularly participates in lung cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) work in their department.
Exclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Has previously participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set or the development of GAPS-Agent;
- Unable to complete the tasks of the study phase.
Study Cases:
- Key case information is missing, such as text-form data on pathology (including IHC/NGS), imaging, laboratory tests, prior medical history, comorbidities, or PS score;
- Decision-making for the case is strictly dependent on non-text information.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set, the content validity verification, or the development of GAPS-Agent for this study;
- Has a direct conflict of interest with any specific product among the two-arm tools of this study.
Studijní plán
Jak je studie koncipována?
Detaily designu
- Primární účel: Jiný
- Přidělení: Randomizované
- Intervenční model: Paralelní přiřazení
- Maskování: Singl
Počet zbraní
Zbraně a zásahy
Skupina účastníků / ArmSkupina účastníků / Arm |
Intervence / LéčbaIntervence / Léčba |
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Experimentální: test arm
GAPS-Agent
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The research group has previously developed the GAPS evaluation framework for complex clinical decision-making in lung cancer.
In this framework, G (Grounding) characterizes the cognitive depth of decision-making (ranging from knowledge retrieval to decisions that go beyond clinical guidelines), A (Authority) corresponds to the grading of evidence strength, P (Perturbation) describes the identification and management of real-world clinical confounding factors, and S (Strength) corresponds to the calibration of recommendation strength.
Within this framework, the research group has completed the construction of a 100-item complex lung cancer decision-making evaluation set along with its corresponding rubrics, and has invited multiple thoracic oncology experts to complete content validity validation.
Based on this, the research group developed GAPS-Agent, which uses an open-source large language model as its foundation and integrates functional modules such as guideline and evidence retri
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Aktivní komparátor: control arm
LLM
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Open source large language model that is not specifically enhanced in medical field.
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Co je měření studie?
Primární výstupní opatření
Primární výstupní opatření
Měření výsledku |
Popis opatření |
Časové okno |
|---|---|---|
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Overall plan Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Sekundární výstupní opatření
Sekundární výstupní opatření
Měření výsledku |
Popis opatření |
Časové okno |
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Inter-rater agreement
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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For the ternary preference judgment results of 10 expert judges across 192 paired comparisons and 6 evaluation domains, Fleiss' kappa was used to assess inter-rater agreement.
The kappa value and its 95% confidence interval are reported for each evaluation domain.
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Redundancy Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Evidence-based medicine adherence Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Actionability Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Completeness Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Safety Win Ratio
Časové okno: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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GAPS automated rubric score
Časové okno: Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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A third-party large language model, independent of the two study arms' base models, served as the judge model and automatically scored all 96 plans according to the GAPS rubric.
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Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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Subject physician's self-confidence score
Časové okno: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians self-rated their confidence in their own plan using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool satisfaction score
Časové okno: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated their satisfaction with the tool using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool trustworthiness score
Časové okno: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated the tool's credibility using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Decision-making time
Časové okno: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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The time taken (in minutes) by each participating physician to complete the production of each case plan was automatically recorded by the evaluation platform.
Differences between groups were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé
Sponzor
Sponzor
Termíny studijních záznamů
Hlavní termíny studia
Začátek studia (Aktuální)
Začátek studia
Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)
Primární dokončení
Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)
Dokončení studie
Termíny zápisu do studia
První předloženo
První předloženo
První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality
První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality
První zveřejněno (Aktuální)
První zveřejněno
Aktualizace studijních záznamů
Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)
Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace
Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality
Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality
Naposledy ověřeno
Naposledy ověřeno
Více informací
Termíny související s touto studií
Klíčová slova
Další relevantní podmínky MeSH
Další identifikační čísla studie
Další identifikační čísla studie
- 2026PHB458-001
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