Preliminary Evaluation of a Large Language Model-Based Tool for Complex Surgical Decision Support in Lung Cancer
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Geschätzt)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Beijing Municipality
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Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China, 100044
- Peking University People's Hospital
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Erwachsene
- Älterer Erwachsener
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of resident physician in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A (3A) hospital;
- Agrees to complete all assessment tasks of the main study phase in accordance with the study protocol;
- Can guarantee the time and effort required to complete all assessment tasks of the main study.
Study Cases:
- The case was discussed at the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) conference of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2025 and May 2026;
- The current version of the NCCN guidelines does not provide an explicit recommendation covering the management of the case;
- Does not overlap with the GAPS evaluation set;
- The case is presented in pure text in a structured format, with all direct and indirect identifiers removed and complete de-identification performed prior to inclusion;
- From the pool of eligible cases, 12 cases will be randomly drawn using Python (numpy.random, with a fixed and archived seed) to serve as the main study cases. The cases will cover 6 themes (chest mass of undetermined diagnosis, early-stage lung cancer, locally advanced lung cancer, oligometastatic/oligoprogressive disease, special intraoperative situations, and tumor recurrence), with 2 cases per theme.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Holds a valid and legally effective Physician Practice License of the People's Republic of China;
- Currently holds the rank of attending physician or above in a thoracic surgery department at a tertiary Class A hospital;
- Chairs or regularly participates in lung cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) work in their department.
Exclusion Criteria:
Resident Physician Subjects:
- Has previously participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set or the development of GAPS-Agent;
- Unable to complete the tasks of the study phase.
Study Cases:
- Key case information is missing, such as text-form data on pathology (including IHC/NGS), imaging, laboratory tests, prior medical history, comorbidities, or PS score;
- Decision-making for the case is strictly dependent on non-text information.
Adjudication Expert Panel:
- Participated in the construction of the GAPS evaluation set, the content validity verification, or the development of GAPS-Agent for this study;
- Has a direct conflict of interest with any specific product among the two-arm tools of this study.
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Sonstiges
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Single
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
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Experimental: test arm
GAPS-Agent
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The research group has previously developed the GAPS evaluation framework for complex clinical decision-making in lung cancer.
In this framework, G (Grounding) characterizes the cognitive depth of decision-making (ranging from knowledge retrieval to decisions that go beyond clinical guidelines), A (Authority) corresponds to the grading of evidence strength, P (Perturbation) describes the identification and management of real-world clinical confounding factors, and S (Strength) corresponds to the calibration of recommendation strength.
Within this framework, the research group has completed the construction of a 100-item complex lung cancer decision-making evaluation set along with its corresponding rubrics, and has invited multiple thoracic oncology experts to complete content validity validation.
Based on this, the research group developed GAPS-Agent, which uses an open-source large language model as its foundation and integrates functional modules such as guideline and evidence retri
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Aktiver Komparator: control arm
LLM
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Open source large language model that is not specifically enhanced in medical field.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Overall plan Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Inter-rater agreement
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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For the ternary preference judgment results of 10 expert judges across 192 paired comparisons and 6 evaluation domains, Fleiss' kappa was used to assess inter-rater agreement.
The kappa value and its 95% confidence interval are reported for each evaluation domain.
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Redundancy Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Evidence-based medicine adherence Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
|
Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Actionability Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Completeness Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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Safety Win Ratio
Zeitfenster: Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
|
A total of 10 blinded expert judges made Win/Tie/Loss ternary preference judgments on 192 paired scheme comparisons in terms of overall scheme quality.
The win ratio was calculated as Wins ÷ Losses, and the 95% confidence interval was estimated using a two-level (physician × case) cluster bootstrap resampling method (B = 10,000, quantile method on the log scale).
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Measured at the time when experts completed their preference judgements. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the preference judgements.
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GAPS automated rubric score
Zeitfenster: Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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A third-party large language model, independent of the two study arms' base models, served as the judge model and automatically scored all 96 plans according to the GAPS rubric.
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Generated up to 3 weeks after residents finished their plan generation.
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Subject physician's self-confidence score
Zeitfenster: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians self-rated their confidence in their own plan using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool satisfaction score
Zeitfenster: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated their satisfaction with the tool using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Tool trustworthiness score
Zeitfenster: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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After submitting each case plan, the participating physicians rated the tool's credibility using a 1-5 point Likert scale.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Decision-making time
Zeitfenster: Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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The time taken (in minutes) by each participating physician to complete the production of each case plan was automatically recorded by the evaluation platform.
Differences between groups were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.
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Completed at the time when residents submitted their plans. Calculated up to 3 weeks after the submission.
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- 2026PHB458-001
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