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S-Acetyl Glutathione and Performance Recovery in Soccer

1. juli 2026 oppdatert av: Dimitrios Draganidis, University of Thessaly

Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics Study of S-Acetyl Glutathione in Highly Trained Soccer Players

Soccer players display elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers combined with reduced soccer specific performance over a 72-hour period. However, in modern soccer, players participate very often in 2 or 3 matches within a week, with a recovery period of 72 hours between successive matches, that is insufficient to restore skeletal muscle homeostasis and performance. Of note, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, a tripeptide consisting of the amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamic acid, are substantially reduced during the 72-hour recovery period after a match because of the trauma-related acute inflammatory and oxidative stress response. GSH availability is a crucial regulator of cellular redox status, affecting numerous intracellular and physiological processes such as redox signalling, immunoregulation and muscle metabolism. Indeed, enhanced GSH availability following muscle damaging exercise has been shown to be beneficial for skeletal muscle and performance recovery by mitigating the inflammatory and oxidative stress response. Thus, the enhancement of GSH availability through dietary interventions would be a promising strategy to accelerate skeletal muscle and performance recovery following a soccer game. S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor with enhanced absorption kinetics due to chemical S-acetylation of the thiol group on the cysteinyl amino acid of GSH and oral administration of SAG has been shown to be more effective in restoring intracellular glutathione levels compared to oral glutathione. The aim of this study is to (i) perform a pharmacokinetic assessment of 200 mg/day vs 500 mg/day of SAG during a 7-day supplementation period (pre-loading) and (ii) to establish the pharmacodynamic effect of the two dosages at 24, 48 and 72h following a 90-minute official soccer match.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

Following baseline testing [including assessment of anthropometrics, body composition (via DXA instrumentation) and physical performance (cardiorespiratory fitness, drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque)], 20 well-trained, soccer players will participate in three trials, receiving daily (i) 200 mg SAG, (ii) 500 mg SAG or (iii) Placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design. The duration of each trial will be 11 days, including a 7-day pre-loading period (days 1 -7), a match day (day 8) and 3 consecutive recovery days after the match (days 9-11). Between trials a 3-week washout period will be implemented.

Pre-loading period: During the 7-day pre-loading period players will participate daily in training sessions according to a soccer-specific weekly training schedule, while receiving the respective supplement. Blood samples will be collected on day 1 and day 7 while daily nutrient intake (via 7-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via global positioning system instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Match day: On match day, players will participate in an official 90-min soccer match. Field activity (total distance, average and maximum speed, high intensity running, high speed running, accelerations, decelerations) and heart rate (mean and maximum heart rate) will be continuously monitored using global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate monitors, respectively.

Recovery days: During the 3-day recovery period after the match, players will participate daily in (i) morning testing sessions and (ii) training sessions in the evening. Testing sessions will include blood sampling and performance measurements including drop jump and countermovement jump performance, repeated sprint anility, isokinetic peak torque and muscle soreness (DOMS). Dietary intake (via a 3-day diet recalls), physical activity level (via accelerometry) and training load (via GPS instrumentation during training sessions) will be monitored daily.

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

20

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

  • Navn: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD
  • Telefonnummer: +30 2431047078
  • E-post: ddraganidis@uth.gr

Studer Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

    • Karies
      • Trikala, Karies, Hellas, 42100
        • Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
        • Ta kontakt med:
          • Ioannis G Fatouros, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: +30 2431047047
          • E-post: ifatouros@uth.gr
        • Ta kontakt med:
          • Athanasios Z Jamurtas, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: +30 24310 47054
          • E-post: ajamurt@uth.gr

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • participation at elite (top three division leagues) for ≥ 4 years
  • no recent history of febrile illness, musculoskeletal problems and metabolic diseases
  • no consumption of medications and performance-enhancing supplements (including anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, vitamins and multivitamin supplements) for at least 6 months prior to the study
  • participation in at least 5 training sessions and 1 match per week
  • non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

  • musculoskeletal injury
  • consumption of medication and performance-enhancing supplements
  • illness during the course of the study
  • loss of follow-up measurements

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Annen
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Crossover-oppdrag
  • Masking: Trippel

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: SAG-200 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Participants will be supplemented daily with 200 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Eksperimentell: SAG-500 Trial
Oral administration of S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG)
Participants will be supplemented daily with 500 mg of S-acetyl glutathione, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.
Placebo komparator: Placebo Trial
Oral administration of placebo
Participants will be supplemented daily with placebo, orally, over the 11-day experimental period.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in creatine kinase levels
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Creatine kinase concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in myoglobin levels
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Myoglobin concentration will be measured in serum using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in reduced glutathione
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Reduced glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in oxidized glutathione
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Oxidized glutathione will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione reductase activity
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Glutathione reductase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in glutathione peroxidase activity
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Glutathione peroxidase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11.
Change in catalase activity
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Catalase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in superoxide dismutase activity
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Superoxide dismutase activity will be photometrically determined in red blood cell lysates using a spectrophotometer
Day 1, day 7, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction will be assessed at a 60o knee joint angle, in both dominant and non-dominant limb, using an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in maximal peak torque
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Maximal concentric and eccentric peak torque at 60o/s of the knee extensors and flexors in both dominant and non-dominant limb, will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in jumping performance
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Countermovement jump and drop jump performance will be tested using an optical measurement system consisting of a transmitting and receiving bar
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day11
Change in repeated sprint ability
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Repeated sprint ability will be assessed by performing 5x25 m sprints interspersed by a 25-seconds recovery period using infrared photocells
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Tidsramme: Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11
DOMS will be assessed using a 10-scale visual analogue scale
Day 1, day 9, day 10 and day 11

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in total distance covered
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Total distance (km) covered during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in internal load
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Heart rate during training sessions and the match will be monitored using heart rate monitors
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in dietary intake
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Dietary intake will be assessed using diet recalls
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The time (minutes) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on a daily basis will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with high-intensity running
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity running during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in distance covered with sprinting
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Distance (km) covered with high-intensity sprinting during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in accelerations
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of accelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in decelerations
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The number of decelerations performed during training and match play will be monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS)
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in total step count
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
The total number of steps performed daily will be monitored using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Change in physical activity-related energy expenditure
Tidsramme: Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period
Energy expenditure (kcal) related to habitual physical activity will be assessed using accelerometers
Daily throughout the 11-day experimental period

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Samarbeidspartnere

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. september 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

20. desember 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

20. januar 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

9. juni 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. juli 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

8. juli 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

8. juli 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. juli 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. mai 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • UTH-06/13.02.2026

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?

NEI

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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