Isometric vs. Dynamic Squat Pre-Loading: Acute PAPE Responses (IPP vs DPP)
Acute Post-Activation Performance Responses to Isometric and Dynamic Squat Pre-Loading Protocols: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Przegląd badań
Status
Status
Warunki
Warunki
Interwencja / Leczenie
Interwencja / Leczenie
Szczegółowy opis
Typ studiów
Typ studiów
Zapisy (Szacowany)
Zapisy
Faza
Faza
- Nie dotyczy
Kontakty i lokalizacje
Kontakt w sprawie studiów
Kontakt w sprawie studiów
- Nazwa: Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate
- Numer telefonu: +905468426671
- E-mail: neslihanozcan@karabuk.edu.tr
Kopia zapasowa kontaktu do badania
- Nazwa: Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate
Lokalizacje studiów
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Turkey
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Karabük, Turkey, Turcja (Türkiye), 78200
- Karabuk University
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Kontakt:
- Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate
- Numer telefonu: +905468426671
- E-mail: neslihanozcan@karabuk.edu.tr
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Główny śledczy:
- Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate
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Pod-śledczy:
- Cem Sofuoğlu
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Pod-śledczy:
- Wolfgang Kemmler, Prof.Dr.
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Pod-śledczy:
- Andre Filipovic, Prof.Dr.
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Pod-śledczy:
- Metehan Yana, Doctorate
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Pod-śledczy:
- Erşan Arslan, Prof.Dr.
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Kryteria uczestnictwa
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Wiek uprawniający do nauki
- Dorosły
Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników
Opis
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being healthy
- Male volleyball athletes
- Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions
Exclusion Criteria:
- Being under 18 years old
- Having a chronic disease
- Contraindications for exercise
Plan studiów
Jak projektuje się badanie?
Szczegóły projektu
- Główny cel: Leczenie
- Przydział: Randomizowane
- Model interwencyjny: Zadanie krzyżowe
- Maskowanie: Pojedynczy
Liczba ramion
Broń i interwencje
Grupa uczestników / ArmGrupa uczestników / Arm |
Interwencja / LeczenieInterwencja / Leczenie |
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Eksperymentalny: Condition 1
Dynamic contraction
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Participants performed a dynamic back squat conditioning protocol on a Smith machine consisting of five sets of one repetition at 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 1 min of passive recovery between sets.
Each repetition included a controlled descent to approximately 90° of knee flexion, an explosive concentric phase, a 2-s isometric hold at full knee extension, and a slow, controlled eccentric phase (Pincivero et al.).
All repetitions were supervised to ensure proper technique.
The protocol was selected based on previous evidence supporting high-intensity resistance exercise as an effective conditioning activity for inducing PAPE responses (Dobbs et al.).
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Eksperymentalny: Condition 2
isometric contraction
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The isometric contraction protocol was conducted as described by Koźlenia and Domaradzki (2023) and Lim and Kong (2013).
Participants assumed a squat position in a squat rack with the barbell fixed in place and the knee joint positioned at approximately 90° of flexion (Profitness 1030, Türkiye).
The barbell was secured to the rack using safety pins, and participants were instructed to exert maximal force against the immovable bar to produce a MVIC.
Each contraction lasted 3 seconds, and a total of 3 repetitions were performed with 2 min of rest between repetitions (Koźlenia & Domaradzki, 2023; Lim & Kong, 2013).
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Eksperymentalny: Condition 3
Dynamic + EMS contraction
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Participants performed a dynamic back squat conditioning protocol on a Smith machine consisting of five sets of one repetition at 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with 1 min of passive recovery between sets.
In the DC-EMS condition, electromyostimulation (EMS) was applied simultaneously throughout the conditioning protocol.
Each repetition included a controlled descent to approximately 90° of knee flexion, an explosive concentric phase, a 2-s isometric hold at full knee extension, and a slow, controlled eccentric phase (Pincivero et al.).
All repetitions were supervised to ensure proper technique.
The protocol was selected based on previous evidence supporting high-intensity resistance exercise as an effective conditioning activity for inducing PAPE responses (Dobbs et al.).
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Eksperymentalny: Condition 4
Isometric + EMS Contraction
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The isometric contraction protocol was conducted as described by Koźlenia and Domaradzki (2023) and Lim and Kong (2013).
Participants assumed a squat position in a squat rack with the barbell fixed in place and the knee joint positioned at approximately 90° of flexion (Profitness 1030, Türkiye).
The barbell was secured to the rack using safety pins, and participants were instructed to exert maximal force against the immovable bar to produce an MVIC.
Each contraction lasted 3 seconds, and a total of three repetitions were performed with 2 min of rest between repetitions (Koźlenia & Domaradzki, 2023; Lim & Kong, 2013).
In the MVIC-EMS condition, electromyostimulation (EMS) was applied simultaneously during each maximal voluntary isometric contraction.
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Eksperymentalny: Condition 5
EMS contraction
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EMS was delivered bilaterally to the quadriceps using a portable stimulator (Compex Rehab 400, Compex Medical SA, Switzerland) with a biphasic symmetrical rectangular waveform (75 Hz, 450 μs).
Four self-adhesive electrodes were placed over the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles of both legs.
Participants remained seated for 10 min with the knees flexed at approximately 90° and the hips flexed at approximately 110°, while receiving EMS without performing any voluntary contractions.
Stimulation intensity was gradually increased to the highest level tolerated by each participant and maintained throughout the intervention (Paillard et al., 2008; Sofuoğlu et al., 2025).
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Co mierzy badanie?
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
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Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Height
Ramy czasowe: aseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Change in countermovement jump (CMJ) height (cm) from baseline to 4 minutes after each conditioning protocol, measured using a jump assessment system.
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aseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Countermovement Jump with Arm Swing (CMJWH) Height
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Change in countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJWH) height (cm) from baseline to 4 minutes after each conditioning protocol.
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Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Zig-Zag Agility Performance
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Change in zig-zag agility performance time (s) from baseline to 4 minutes after each conditioning protocol.
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Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Shooting Speed
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Change in maximal shooting speed (km/h) from baseline to 4 minutes after each conditioning protocol, measured using a radar gun.
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Baseline and 4 minutes after each experimental condition
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Miary wyników drugorzędnych
Miary wyników drugorzędnych
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
|---|---|---|
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Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Ramy czasowe: Immediately after each experimental condition
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Rating of perceived exertion assessed immediately after each conditioning protocol using the Borg CR-10 scale.
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Immediately after each experimental condition
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Rating of Perceived Discomfort (RPD)
Ramy czasowe: Immediately after each experimental condition
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Rating of perceived discomfort assessed immediately after each conditioning protocol using the Borg CR-10 scale.
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Immediately after each experimental condition
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Perceived Fatigue
Ramy czasowe: Immediately after each experimental condition
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Perceived fatigue assessed immediately after each conditioning protocol using a visual analog scale (VAS).
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Immediately after each experimental condition
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Współpracownicy i badacze
Sponsor
Sponsor
Śledczy
Śledczy
- Krzesło do nauki: Neslihan Akçay, Doctorate, Karabuk University
Publikacje i pomocne linki
Publikacje ogólne
- Keskin K, Akcay N, Ozmen T, Contarli N, Yildiz KC, Sofuoglu C, Kamis O, Rolnick N, de Queiros VS, Montoye A. Effects of different pre-exercise strategies on jumping performance in female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2025 Jan;65(1):59-68. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.24.16196-8. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
- Sofuoglu C, Fujita RA, Keskin K, Kamis O, Akcay N. Acute electrical muscle stimulation effects on strength and anaerobic power in soccer players. Int J Sports Med. 2025 Jun;46(7):501-509. doi: 10.1055/a-2563-9289. Epub 2025 Mar 20.
Daty zapisu na studia
Główne daty studiów
Rozpoczęcie studiów (Szacowany)
Rozpoczęcie studiów
Zakończenie podstawowe (Szacowany)
Zakończenie podstawowe
Ukończenie studiów (Szacowany)
Ukończenie studiów
Daty rejestracji na studia
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)
Pierwszy wysłany
Aktualizacje rekordów badań
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Więcej informacji
Terminy związane z tym badaniem
Słowa kluczowe
Dodatkowe istotne warunki MeSH
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
- UKarabuk-6
Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)
Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?
Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze
Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
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