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Satiety, Microbiome, Appetite Regulation, and Tracking Energy Across Targeted Snacks: Acute Postprandial Study (SMARTEATS-PP)

21 de agosto de 2026 atualizado por: Zoe Global Limited

The ZOE SMART EATS (Satiety, Microbiome, Appetite Regulation, and Tracking Energy Across Targeted Snacks) Acute Postprandial Study: Investigating the Acute Effects of a High-fibre Plant-based Snack Bar on Subjective Postprandial Hunger, Energy Intake and Eating Behaviour in Healthy UK Adults.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how eating different snack foods affects acute hunger, energy intake and eating behaviour in healthy adults. The study will be conducted remotely over 5 days.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. Does eating a snack bar intervention change how hungry participants feel later in the same day?
  2. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants' energy intake, nutrient intake and eating behaviour on the same day?
  3. Does eating a snack bar intervention change participants mood, energy levels and alertness later in the same day?

Researchers will compare an intervention snack bar to a control snack bar to see if the intervention improves hunger, energy intake, eating behaviour, and other subjective measures.

Participants will:

  • Eat 2 snack bars for breakfast on 2 separate days, with 2 days in between
  • Not eat anything after 9pm the night before each test day
  • Fill out short online surveys (under 5 minutes) before breakfast and at set times over the next 3 hours
  • Not eat for 3 hours after breakfast
  • Write down everything they eat that day

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Diet, and snacking behaviour in particular, plays an important role in long-term health. Snacking now contributes substantially to daily energy intake in the UK and US: data from the ZOE PREDICT study show that 95% of adults snack at least once a day, with snacks accounting for around a quarter of daily energy intake (2.28 snacks/day). However, the average UK snack has a poor nutrient profile, high in refined carbohydrates, added sugars, and saturated fat, and low in fibre and micronutrients, a pattern linked to poorer cardiometabolic health. Despite public health guidance to consume at least 30g of fibre a day, UK adults consume an average of around 20g/day. However, the composition and timing of a snack are important determinants of its effects on hunger, energy, and other health markers.

This trial evaluates an intervention (2 x snack bars) against a control (2 x snack bars that reflect the average nutrient profile of snacks currently sold in the UK). Using a control snack bar means any effects observed can be attributed to the specific formulation of the intervention snack bar, rather than simply to a change in snacking habits or a reduction in overall snack consumption.

The primary aim of the study is to determine whether the intervention snack bars reduce subjective postprandial hunger (in the hours after eating them), compared with control snack bars broadly representative of the average UK snack nutrient profile. The study will be conducted in 2 phases. In this phase (phase 1; acute postprandial study), 54 participants will complete a crossover postprandial study measuring hunger, satiety, mood, energy, and alertness over 3 hours, and as an end of day measure following consumption of the intervention or control; as well as eating behaviour and subsequent energy and nutrient intake on that day. The postprandial design allows the acute, within-day effects of the intervention snack bars to be assessed under tightly controlled conditions.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

54

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Willing and able to follow the study protocol
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent
  • Regular consumption of snacks (≥2 per day)
  • Fibre intake <20 g/d
  • Living in the UK

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m² or more than 40 kg/m²
  • Have an allergy or intolerance to ingredients in the intervention or control snack bars (including inulin) or cannot eat the food products safely and comfortably for any reason
  • Have a personal medical history of inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, or chronic diarrhoea
  • Have started a new supplement in the past month, or are unwilling to maintain current supplement use throughout the study
  • Previously purchased any ZOE products (including Daily30, ZOE gut health bar or ZOE app membership).
  • Have taken any medication or product that may modify the measured study outcomes, in the past 3 months (including but not limited to: fibre supplements, antibiotics, non-topical steroids or other immunosuppressive medicines, probiotics or prebiotics, metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, lipid-lowering medications such as fibrates, statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
  • Have used opiate pain medication or a proton pump inhibitor for 8 or more consecutive days during the past 3 months
  • Have experienced a heart attack, stroke or major surgery in the last 2 months
  • Have received treatment for cancer in the last 3 months
  • Are currently pregnant, breastfeeding or planning a pregnancy
  • Are diagnosed with an eating disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Prevenção
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição cruzada
  • Mascaramento: Dobro

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Intervention
Breakfast test meal consisting of 2 x intervention snack bars
A high-fibre plant-based snack bar.
Comparador de Placebo: Control
Breakfast test meal consisting of 2 x control snack bars
Commercially available snack bars (UK); reflects the energy and macronutrient profile of a typical UK snack.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Postprandial hunger
Prazo: Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.
Assessed using digital visual analogue scales (VAS; 0-100) with anchor points 0 = 'not at all hungry', 100 = 'extremely hungry'. Completed at pre-specified time points immediately before and during a 3h post-meal fast.
Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Postprandial satiety
Prazo: Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.
Subjective postprandial satiety ratings, assessed using digital visual analogue scales (VAS; 0-100), with anchor points 0 = 'not at all', 100 = 'extremely'. Completed at pre-specified time points immediately before and during a 3h post-meal fast.
Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.
Postprandial mood and energy
Prazo: Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.
Subjective postprandial ratings of mood and energy, assessed using digital visual analogue scales (VAS; 0-100), with anchor points 0 = 'not at all', 100 = 'extremely'. Completed at pre-specified time points immediately before and during a 3h post-meal fast.
Within 3 hours post-test meal consumption.
Eating rate
Prazo: Duration of test meal consumption (day 1, day 4).
Self-reported eating rate (g/min) of the intervention and control test meals. Derived from the amount of food consumed (g) and self-reported eating duration (mins)
Duration of test meal consumption (day 1, day 4).
Time to next meal
Prazo: Anticipated 3-6 hours post-test meal consumption (day 1, day 4).
Self-reported time to next meal (mins) following the test meals.
Anticipated 3-6 hours post-test meal consumption (day 1, day 4).
Energy and nutrient intake
Prazo: Post-3 hour fast to midnight (day 1, day 4).
Energy (kcal) and nutrient intake (g; %EI) following the test meals. Assessed using digital food log (myFood24).
Post-3 hour fast to midnight (day 1, day 4).

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Berry E Sarah, Professor, King's College London

Publicações e links úteis

A pessoa responsável por inserir informações sobre o estudo fornece voluntariamente essas publicações. Estes podem ser sobre qualquer coisa relacionada ao estudo.

Publicações Gerais

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

14 de agosto de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

16 de setembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

1 de outubro de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

13 de agosto de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

19 de agosto de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

20 de agosto de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

24 de agosto de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

21 de agosto de 2026

Última verificação

1 de agosto de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • ZOE SMART EATS - Postprandial

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

SIM

Descrição do plano IPD

To protect participant privacy, individual participant clinical data and any data that could be used to identify individuals will not be publicly available and cannot be deposited in public repositories. In line with journal requirements, data underlying the results in the publication may be made available to bona fide researchers for reproducibility of results. Proposals, researchers or institutions requesting data will be approved if they meet the standard criteria related to ethics, privacy and data protection regulations.

Prazo de Compartilhamento de IPD

Starting 6 months after publication.

Critérios de acesso de compartilhamento IPD

The study data can be released to bona fide researchers by submitting a research proposal approved by a subpanel of our scientific advisory board which meets once per month with independent members to assess proposals. The data may be pseudo-anonymised or otherwise redacted to comply with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Researchers will be required to enter into a GDPR data sharing agreement before data may be released. Access request proposals should be sent to data.papers@joinzoe.com.

Tipo de informação de suporte de compartilhamento de IPD

  • PROTOCOLO DE ESTUDO
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .