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EFFECT OF ADDING BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING TO CLOSED CHAIN EXERCISE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

30 de outubro de 2026 atualizado por: Rasha Abdel Kader Abdel Azeem Khtab

Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint condition that causes knee pain, stiffness, muscle weakness, and difficulty performing daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and standing up from a chair. Exercise therapy is commonly used to improve muscle strength, reduce pain, and restore physical function. However, some patients may find traditional strengthening exercises difficult because of pain and increased stress on the knee joint.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a rehabilitation technique that uses a specialized cuff placed around the upper thigh to partially restrict blood flow during exercise. This technique may help improve muscle strength while using lighter exercise loads.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether adding blood flow restriction training to traditional physical therapy and closed kinetic chain exercises provides additional benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This randomized controlled trial will include 60 male and female participants aged 40 to 60 years with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, with 30 participants in each group.

The first group will receive traditional physical therapy exercises combined with closed kinetic chain exercises, such as mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides.

The second group will receive the same exercise program with the addition of blood flow restriction training.

Both groups will participate in supervised treatment sessions twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 sessions.

The researchers will assess knee pain, knee range of motion, quadriceps muscle strength, knee function, mobility and fall risk, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted before treatment, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and one month after completing treatment.

The study aims to determine whether adding blood flow restriction training to closed kinetic chain exercises can improve rehabilitation outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Ainda não está recrutando

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage deterioration, pain, stiffness, reduced muscle strength, and functional limitations. Quadriceps muscle weakness is a major contributing factor to impaired knee stability and reduced physical performance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are commonly used in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation because they involve functional weight-bearing movements that promote coordinated muscle activation, joint stability, and neuromuscular control. However, conventional resistance training may be difficult for patients who experience pain or cannot tolerate high mechanical loads.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a rehabilitation approach that involves applying a pneumatic cuff to the proximal thigh during low-load exercise. By partially restricting blood flow, BFR training may stimulate muscular adaptations while reducing the need for high external resistance.

This study will investigate the effectiveness of adding blood flow restriction training to closed kinetic chain exercises in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

This study will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial involving 60 male and female participants diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II-III).

Participants will be aged between 40 and 60 years and have a body mass index ranging from 25 to 29.9 kg/m².

Eligible participants will be recruited from outpatient physical therapy clinics in Cairo, Egypt.

Participants will be randomly allocated into two equal groups using a computer-generated randomization method.

Intervention:

Group A (Control Group):

Thirty participants will receive a traditional therapeutic exercise program combined with closed kinetic chain exercises.

Traditional exercises will include seated knee extensions, hip adduction and abduction exercises, straight leg raises, short-arc knee extensions, ankle pumps, and hamstring curls.

Closed kinetic chain exercises will include mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides.

Group B (Experimental Group):

Thirty participants will receive the same traditional and closed kinetic chain exercise program with the addition of blood flow restriction training.

Blood flow restriction will be applied using a specialized pneumatic cuff positioned around the proximal thigh during low-load resistance and closed kinetic chain exercises.

Both groups will receive 16 supervised treatment sessions over eight weeks, with two sessions per week.

Outcome Assessment:

The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated using the following measures:

  1. Pain intensity using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
  2. Knee range of motion using a smartphone-based digital inclinometer.
  3. Quadriceps muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer.
  4. Knee function using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).
  5. Functional mobility and fall risk using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.
  6. Health-related quality of life using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire.
  7. Patient satisfaction using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18).

Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and at a one-month follow-up.

The study will compare changes in clinical and functional outcomes between the two groups to determine whether adding blood flow restriction training provides additional therapeutic benefits compared with traditional and closed kinetic chain exercises alone.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

60

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Locais de estudo

    • Cairo Governorate
      • Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egito, 11511
        • Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinics in Cairo, Egypt
        • Contato:
          • Rasha A Khattab, Master Degree
          • Número de telefone: +201129635873
          • E-mail: mf1952004@gmail.com
        • Investigador principal:
          • Rasha A Khattab, MSc

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

40 anos a 60 anos (Adulto)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Tudo

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II-III).

Participants aged between 40 and 60 years.

Body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 29.9 kg/m².

Presence of chronic knee pain for at least three months.

Pain intensity of ≥3/10 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or equivalent WOMAC pain score.

Ability to ambulate independently and perform closed kinetic chain exercises.

Participants who are medically fit to participate in low-load resistance exercise with or without blood flow restriction training.

Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

History of knee surgery within the previous 12 months.

Presence of severe knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV).

Diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Presence of cardiovascular, vascular, or neurological disorders that contraindicate blood flow restriction training.

Participation in any other structured lower limb strengthening or blood flow restriction training program during the study period.

Cognitive impairment or inability to understand and follow exercise instructions.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Traditional Exercise and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises

Participants in the control group will receive a traditional therapeutic exercise program combined with closed kinetic chain exercises, including seated knee extensions, hip adduction and abduction, straight leg raises, short-arc knee extensions, ankle pumps, hamstring curls, mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. Treatment will be delivered twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 supervised sessions.

A supervised therapeutic exercise program consisting of traditional strengthening exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises, including mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. The program will be performed twice weekly for eight weeks.

Experimental: Blood Flow Restriction Training Combined with Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises

Participants in the experimental group will receive the same traditional therapeutic exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise program as the control group, with the addition of blood flow restriction training. Blood flow restriction will be applied using a pneumatic cuff positioned around the proximal thigh during low-load resistance or closed kinetic chain exercises. Treatment will be delivered twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 supervised sessions.

A supervised therapeutic exercise program consisting of traditional strengthening exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises, including mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. The program will be performed twice weekly for eight weeks.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Knee Pain Intensity Measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), an 11-point self-reported scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. Changes from baseline will be assessed after treatment and at follow-up.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Knee Range of Motion Measured by a Smartphone Digital Inclinometer
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee joint range of motion will be measured in degrees using a smartphone-based digital inclinometer application. Knee flexion and extension angles will be assessed to evaluate changes in joint mobility following the intervention. Changes from baseline will be evaluated at week 8 and week 12.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Quadriceps Muscle Strength Measured by a Hand-Held Dynamometer
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to measure isometric muscle force during voluntary contraction. The assessment will be performed using standardized testing procedures. Changes in quadriceps muscle strength from baseline will be evaluated after treatment and at follow-up.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Knee Function Measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee-related function will be assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), a 42-item questionnaire covering five subscales: pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life. Each subscale is transformed to a score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better knee-related outcomes.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Functional Mobility Measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Functional mobility will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Participants will be instructed to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit down. The time required to complete the task will be recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Measured by the Short Form-36 (SF-36)
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which consists of 36 items evaluating physical and mental health domains. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. Changes from baseline will be evaluated following treatment and at follow-up.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Patient Satisfaction Measured by the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18)
Prazo: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Patient satisfaction with healthcare services will be assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). The questionnaire contains 18 items covering seven dimensions: general satisfaction, technical quality, interpersonal manner, communication, financial aspects, time spent with the healthcare provider, and accessibility and convenience. Items are rated using a five-point Likert scale.

Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Colaboradores e Investigadores

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Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Rasha A Khattab, MSc, Cairo University, Faculty of Physical Therapy

Publicações e links úteis

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Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Estimado)

1 de dezembro de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

31 de dezembro de 2027

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

28 de fevereiro de 2028

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

30 de outubro de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

30 de outubro de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

4 de novembro de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

4 de novembro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

30 de outubro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de outubro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • BFR training on Osteoarthritis
  • P.T.REC/012/006531 (Outro identificador: Cairo University, Faculty Of Physical Therapy Research Ethical Committee)

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