Effect of Genetic Variants in MATE1 and OCT3 on the Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in African Americans (#6113)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects self-identify racial background, identify themselves, parents and four grandparents as African American
• Subject status is healthy volunteer from t In the event that diabetes is indicated in a normal subject based on OGTT results, we will notify the patients' primary care physician. he SOPHIE cohort OR diagnosis of T2DM based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria
• Subjects over 18 years old and below 60 years
• Subjects who are healthy on the basis of medical history, physical examinations and laboratory tests if healthy volunteer from SOPHIE
• Subjects who agree with the written informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to confirm African-American ethnicity
• Under 18 years old
• Pregnant or lactating women (female subjects will have a urine pregnancy test at the screening visit).
• Prior history of any allergic reaction to metformin
• Has a risk of congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment (medical history)
• Has a prior history of renal* or hepatic dysfunction (renal and hepatic function will be evaluated based on screening blood tests conducted prior to study enrollment)
• Risk of urinary or gastric retention or narrow-angle glaucoma (by medical history examination)
• Impaired renal function (e.g as suggested by abnormal creatinine clearance, eGFR <60 or serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl in females and >1.5 mg/dl in males) which may also result from conditions such as cardiovascular collapse (shock), acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), and septicemia, abnormal heart rhythms (tachyarrhythmias; heart beat > 100 beats per minute).
• Impaired hepatic function (> 1.5 times the upper limit of normal)
• Evidence of anemia (hemoglobin <10 g)
• Taking a medication that could confound study results, such as known substrates or inhibitors of OCT3 and MATE1, such as cimetidine.
• They do not provide consent to participate in the study.