Efficacy of Counseling for Prenatal Screening and Diagnostic Tests on Pregnant Women: Randomised Controlled Study
Evaluation of Efficacy of Counseling for Prenatal Screening and Diagnostic Tests on Pregnant Women's Decisional Conflict, Being Sure of the Decision, Anxiety Levels and Attitudes Towards the Tests: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Study
Studieöversikt
Status
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljerad beskrivning
Pregnant Women Who Had Only Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests In intervention group, pregnant women, who were in 8-11th gestational weeks, before prenatal genetic counseling, answered the questions in "Descriptive Features Data Collection Form", "Decisional Conflict Scale", "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale", "Information Evaluation Form about Prenatal Screening Tests ","Decision Satisfaction Scale", "Attitudes towards the tests Scale". Later, individual interviews were made with pregnant women education was given with slide show about prenatal diagnosis and screening tests to pregnant women. In addition a training brochure which was prepared by the researcher was given to the pregnant women. It took about 20 minutes for the data collection forms to be answered and counseling was took about 25 minutes. After counseling, pregnant women were interviewed again at 14th week. The pregnant women were asked whether they had a screening test and the results were recorded. Then pregnant women were answered "Decisional Conflict Scale", "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale", "Information Evaluation Form about Prenatal Screening Tests ","Decision Satisfaction Scale", "Attitudes towards the tests Scale" again. At the following antenatal visits (16-20th weeks), the pregnant women were asked whether they had triple, quadruple or NIPT and the test results were recorded in the data collection form. At the end of the 20th week, the data collection process of pregnant women who did not have any problems related to fetus and who were recommended to continue routine follow-up was terminated. In control group pregnant women answered same data collection forms in same weeks, but counseling was not given to this group. For this group routine clinical procedure was performed.
Pregnant Women Who Had Also Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests Prenatal genetic diagnostic tests were recommended to pregnant women who had high risk results according to prenatal screening test. Pregnant women with high risk and diagnostic test were referred to genetic consultation in both intervention and control groups. After genetic consultation, pregnant women were answered "Decisional Conflict Scale", "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale", "Information Evaluation Form about Prenatal Diagnostic Tests", "Decision Satisfaction Scale", "Attitudes towards the tests Scale". Then specific counseling was given to invasive test recommended by the doctor. The pregnant woman was asked if she would like to have a diagnostic test and if she didn't want to, the reason was recorded in the data collection form.
If the pregnant woman decided to have a diagnostic test, "The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale" was applied again after the procedure. Then pregnant women were interviewed again after about three weeks and their results were evaluated and they answered "Decisional Conflict Scale", "Information Evaluation Form about Prenatal Diagnostic Tests", "Decision Satisfaction Scale", "Attitudes towards the tests Scale". Their decision about to continue or terminate pregnancy was recorded in the data collection form. In control group pregnant women answered same data collection forms in same weeks, but counseling was not given to this group. For this group routine clinical procedure was performed.
Studietyp
Inskrivning (Faktisk)
Fas
- Inte tillämpbar
Kontakter och platser
Studieorter
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Ankara, Kalkon, 06010
- University of Health Sciences
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Ankara, Kalkon, 06010
- Health Science University
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Deltagandekriterier
Urvalskriterier
Åldrar som är berättigade till studier
Tar emot friska volontärer
Kön som är behöriga för studier
Beskrivning
Inclusion Criteria:
- taking first antenatal follow-up in 8-11. gestational weeks in where the study is conducted to have a single pregnancy
- to continue take the antenatal care in the hospital where the research was conducted
- at least primary school graduation,
- voluntary to participate the research.
Exclusion Criteria:
- want to exit from the study at her own request
- continue to antenatal follow-up in another hospital.
Studieplan
Hur är studien utformad?
Designdetaljer
- Primärt syfte: Stödjande vård
- Tilldelning: Randomiserad
- Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
- Maskning: Enda
Vapen och interventioner
Deltagargrupp / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
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Aktiv komparator: Intervention
An individual and comprehensive prenatal genetic counseling was given to all pregnant women in the intervention group, including all screening tests and diagnostic tests for prenatal diagnosis and screening tests at the first antenatal visit.
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In this study prenatal genetic screening counseling was provided from the begining of the pregnancy, different from the other studies in the literature.
In the literature, most of the study evaluated pregnant women's anxiety, information status about the test and decisional conflicts, only prenatal screening process or prenatal diagnosis process.
In this study pregnant women were evaluated both in prenatal screening test and prenatal diagnosis procedures.
Andra namn:
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Inget ingripande: Control
There was no intervention from the first antenatal visit in the control group.
Routine clinical information was given about prenatal screening and diagnostic tests.
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Vad mäter studien?
Primära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
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Anxiety
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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The State Anxiety Scale evaluates the current state of anxiety.
The expressions (1) in the articles are rated as (2) slightly, (3) very, (4) completely, and the scale is answered by marking the ones that meet the current situation of the person.
The total point value obtained from scale may vary between 20 and 80 points.
High score indicates high anxiety level and low score indicates low anxiety level
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In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Decisional Conflict
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's decisional conflict scale points: 5-point Likert type and 16 questions. Each item varies between "Strongly Agree ıy and" Strongly Disagree Her. Each item contains direct expressions, and I absolutely agree with = 0 points, Agree = 1 points, Undecided = 2 points, Disagree = 3 points and Strongly Disagree = 4 points. While calculating the total scale score; points are awarded to all items. The score is divided by the total number of items and is multiplied by 25 and the scale score is obtained. There is no cut-off point in the scale evaluating decision conflict scores. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the level of decision conflict increases. |
In 8-11th gestational weeks
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SURE Scale
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's SURE Scale points: It is double likert type.
Items Yes = 1 point No = 0 points.
Zero points mean that there is a very high decision-making conflict, while 4 points mean that there is no conflict.
Scores of 3 points or less indicate a conflict of interest.
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In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Knowledge Form About Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Tests
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Pregnant Women's Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Tests Form points: The information evaluation form for prenatal screening tests was developed by the researcher as a result of literature review.
The information evaluation form for prenatal screening tests consists of 12 statements.
The aim of the prenatal screening tests is to provide information about the diseases, the weeks of screening tests, risk values and what they mean.
For each phrase there are yes, I don't know and no options.Twelve is Highest, 0 is the lowest scores.
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In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's Attitudes Towards The Tests scale points: Good idea to participate in testing for prenatal screening and diagnostic tests on the scale (7 points), bad idea (1 point); useful (7 points), not useful (1 point); harmful (1 point), not harmful (7 points); a bad idea (1 point), not a bad idea (7 points) were asked to rank between 1 and 7 points.
One point represents negative attitude and 7 points represent a very positive attitude.
According to the opinions of the pregnant women about the prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, it was stated that they could give the expressions between 1 and 7, and they were asked to answer the scale.
The highest score to be obtained from this scale is 28 and the lowest score is 4.
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In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Decision Satisfaction Form
Tidsram: In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's Decision Satisfaction Form points: Developed by researchers.
The participants were asked to evaluate whether they were satisfied with their decisions, to make an informed decision, to make informed decisions, to make the same decision if they had experienced the same situation again.
In this form, which consists of five questions and has a five-point Likert type, the expressions are evaluated with 5 (strongly agree), 4 (agree), 3 (unclear), 2 (disagree), 1 (strongly disagree) options.
The highest 25 points are the lowest 5 points.
High score shows high satisfaction.
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In 8-11th gestational weeks
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Sekundära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
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Anxiety
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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The State Anxiety Scale evaluates the current state of anxiety.
The expressions (1) in the articles are rated as (2) slightly, (3) very, (4) completely, and the scale is answered by marking the ones that meet the current situation of the person.
The total point value obtained from scale may vary between 20 and 80 points.
High score indicates high anxiety level and low score indicates low anxiety level
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In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Decisional Conflict Scale
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's decisional conflict scale points: 5-point Likert type and 16 questions. Each item varies between "Strongly Agree ıy and" Strongly Disagree Her. Each item contains direct expressions, and I absolutely agree with = 0 points, Agree = 1 points, Undecided = 2 points, Disagree = 3 points and Strongly Disagree = 4 points. While calculating the total scale score; points are awarded to all items. The score is divided by the total number of items and is multiplied by 25 and the scale score is obtained. There is no cut-off point in the scale evaluating decision conflict scores. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the level of decision conflict increases. |
In 13-14th gestational weeks
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SURE Scale
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's SURE Scale points: It is double likert type.
Items Yes = 1 point No = 0 points.
Zero points mean that there is a very high decision-making conflict, while 4 points mean that there is no conflict.
Scores of 3 points or less indicate a conflict of interest.
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In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Knowledge Form About Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Tests
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's Knowledge About Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Tests Form Points: The information evaluation form for prenatal screening tests was developed by the researcher as a result of literature review.
The information evaluation form for prenatal screening tests consists of 12 statements.
The aim of the prenatal screening tests is to provide information about the diseases, the weeks of screening tests, risk values and what they mean.
For each phrase there are yes, I don't know and no options.
Twelve is Highest, 0 is the lowest scores.
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In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Pregnant women's Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale Points: Good idea to participate in testing for prenatal screening and diagnostic tests on the scale (7 points), bad idea (1 point); useful (7 points), not useful (1 point); harmful (1 point), not harmful (7 points); a bad idea (1 point), not a bad idea (7 points) were asked to rank between 1 and 7 points.
One point represents negative attitude and 7 points represent a very positive attitude.
According to the opinions of the pregnant women about the prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, it was stated that they could give the expressions between 1 and 7, and they were asked to answer the scale.
The highest score to be obtained from this scale is 28 and the lowest score is 4.
|
In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Decision Satisfaction Form
Tidsram: In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Pregnant Women's Decision Satisfaction Form Points: Developed by researchers.
The participants were asked to evaluate whether they were satisfied with their decisions, to make an informed decision, to make informed decisions, to make the same decision if they had experienced the same situation again.
In this form, which consists of five questions and has a five-point Likert type, the expressions are evaluated with 5 (strongly agree), 4 (agree), 3 (unclear), 2 (disagree), 1 (strongly disagree) options.
The highest 25 points are the lowest 5 points.
High score shows high satisfaction.
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In 13-14th gestational weeks
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Andra resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
|---|---|---|
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Decisional Conflict Scale
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
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Pregnant women's Decisional Conflict Scale points: 5-point Likert type and 16 questions. Each item varies between "Strongly Agree ıy and" Strongly Disagree Her. Each item contains direct expressions, and I absolutely agree with = 0 points, Agree = 1 points, Undecided = 2 points, Disagree = 3 points and Strongly Disagree = 4 points. While calculating the total scale score; points are awarded to all items. The score is divided by the total number of items and is multiplied by 25 and the scale score is obtained. There is no cut-off point in the scale evaluating decision conflict scores. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the level of decision conflict increases. |
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
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SURE Scale
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's SURE Scale points: It is double likert type.
Items Yes = 1 point No = 0 points.
Zero points mean that there is a very high decision-making conflict, while 4 points mean that there is no conflict.
Scores of 3 points or less indicate a conflict of interest.
|
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
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Knowledge Form About Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Knowledge About Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests Form points: The information evaluation form for prenatal diagnostic tests was developed by the researcher as a result of literature review.
The information evaluation form for prenatal diagnostic tests consists of 10 statements.
The aim of this form is to provide information about the diseases, the weeks of diagnostic tests, tests' aims and what they mean.
For each phrase there are yes, I don't know and no options.
Ten is Highest, 0 is the lowest scores.
|
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
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Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale points: Good idea to participate in testing for prenatal screening and diagnostic tests on the scale (7 points), bad idea (1 point); useful (7 points), not useful (1 point); harmful (1 point), not harmful (7 points); a bad idea (1 point), not a bad idea (7 points) were asked to rank between 1 and 7 points.
One point represents negative attitude and 7 points represent a very positive attitude.
According to the opinions of the pregnant women about the prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, it was stated that they could give the expressions between 1 and 7, and they were asked to answer the scale.
The highest score to be obtained from this scale is 28 and the lowest score is 4.
|
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Decision Satisfaction Form
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Decision Satisfaction Form points:Developed by researchers.
The participants were asked to evaluate whether they were satisfied with their decisions, to make an informed decision, to make informed decisions, to make the same decision if they had experienced the same situation again.
In this form, which consists of five questions and has a five-point Likert type, the expressions are evaluated with 5 (strongly agree), 4 (agree), 3 (unclear), 2 (disagree), 1 (strongly disagree) options.
The highest 25 points are the lowest 5 points.
High score shows high satisfaction.
|
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Anxiety
Tidsram: Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
The State Anxiety Scale evaluates the current state of anxiety.
The expressions (1) in the articles are rated as (2) slightly, (3) very, (4) completely, and the scale is answered by marking the ones that meet the current situation of the person.
The total point value obtained from scale may vary between 20 and 80 points.
High score indicates high anxiety level and low score indicates low anxiety level
|
Before performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 16 weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 12 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling (For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Anxiety
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
The State Anxiety Scale evaluates the current state of anxiety.
The expressions (1) in the articles are rated as (2) slightly, (3) very, (4) completely, and the scale is answered by marking the ones that meet the current situation of the person.
The total point value obtained from scale may vary between 20 and 80 points.
High score indicates high anxiety level and low score indicates low anxiety level
|
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
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Decisional Conflict Scale
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Decisional Conflict Scale points: 5-point Likert type and 16 questions. Each item varies between "Strongly Agree ıy and" Strongly Disagree Her. Each item contains direct expressions, and I absolutely agree with = 0 points, Agree = 1 points, Undecided = 2 points, Disagree = 3 points and Strongly Disagree = 4 points. While calculating the total scale score; points are awarded to all items. The score is divided by the total number of items and is multiplied by 25 and the scale score is obtained. There is no cut-off point in the scale evaluating decision conflict scores. As the score obtained from the scale increases, the level of decision conflict increases. |
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
SURE Scale
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's SURE Scale points: It is double likert type.
Items Yes = 1 point No = 0 points.
Zero points mean that there is a very high decision-making conflict, while 4 points mean that there is no conflict.
Scores of 3 points or less indicate a conflict of interest.
|
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Knowledge Form About Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Knowledge About Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests Form points: The information evaluation form for prenatal diagnostic tests was developed by the researcher as a result of literature review.
The information evaluation form for prenatal diagnostic tests consists of 10 statements.
The aim of this form is to provide information about the diseases, the weeks of diagnostic tests, tests' aims and what they mean.
For each phrase there are yes, I don't know and no options.
Ten is Highest, 0 is the lowest scores.
|
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Attitudes Towards The Tests Scale points: Good idea to participate in testing for prenatal screening and diagnostic tests on the scale (7 points), bad idea (1 point); useful (7 points), not useful (1 point); harmful (1 point), not harmful (7 points); a bad idea (1 point), not a bad idea (7 points) were asked to rank between 1 and 7 points.
One point represents negative attitude and 7 points represent a very positive attitude.
According to the opinions of the pregnant women about the prenatal screening and diagnostic tests, it was stated that they could give the expressions between 1 and 7, and they were asked to answer the scale.
The highest score to be obtained from this scale is 28 and the lowest score is 4.
|
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
|
Decision Satisfaction Form
Tidsram: After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Pregnant women's Decision Satisfaction Form points: Developed by researchers.
The participants were asked to evaluate whether they were satisfied with their decisions, to make an informed decision, to make informed decisions, to make the same decision if they had experienced the same situation again.
In this form, which consists of five questions and has a five-point Likert type, the expressions are evaluated with 5 (strongly agree), 4 (agree), 3 (unclear), 2 (disagree), 1 (strongly disagree) options.
The highest 25 points are the lowest 5 points.
High score shows high satisfaction.
|
After performing prenatal genetic diagnostic test at 20th weeks for who had amniosenthesis, 16 weeks for who had corionic villus sampling(For Women who had diagnostic tests)
|
Samarbetspartners och utredare
Utredare
- Studierektor: İlknur Yeşilçınar, PhD. RN., Health Science University
- Studierektor: Gülten Güvenç, Assoc. Prof., Health Science University
Publikationer och användbara länkar
Allmänna publikationer
- Martin L, Gitsels-van der Wal JT, de Boer MA, Vanstone M, Henneman L. Introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing as a first-tier aneuploidy screening test: A survey among Dutch midwives about their role as counsellors. Midwifery. 2018 Jan;56:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.008. Epub 2017 Sep 24.
- Amel S.H., Ali A, Hassan S.A, Momtaz M., Abdelhaleem Z., Negm S. Impact of A Structured Prenatal Counseling on Anxiety Level Among Women Undergoing Amniocentesis. American Journal of Research Communication, 2014; 2(6): 97-108} www.usa-journals.com, ISSN: 2325-4076.
- Long S, O'Leary P, Lobo R, Dickinson JE. Women's Understanding and Attitudes towards Down Syndrome and Other Genetic Conditions in the Context of Prenatal Screening. J Genet Couns. 2018 Jun;27(3):647-655. doi: 10.1007/s10897-017-0167-7. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
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- Ilknur Yesilcinar
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