改善耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒合并感染结果的护士个案管理干预
研究概览
详细说明
结核分枝杆菌 (TB) 仍然是南部非洲人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症 (HIV/AIDS) 患者死亡的主要原因。 这种流行病给医护人员和卫生系统带来了沉重的负担。 尽管过去十年在治疗和诊断方面取得了进步,但耐药结核病仍然对公众健康构成越来越大的威胁。 南非是世界上结核病/艾滋病毒合并感染率最高的国家,在耐多药 (MDR) 结核病发病率和艾滋病毒流行率方面均排名世界第四。 耐多药结核病(定义为对异烟肼和利福平耐药)的治疗仍然具有挑战性,其治疗过程也很复杂。 与一线治疗相比,二线治疗方案成功的可能性要小得多,药物不良反应 (ADR) 明显更多。 来自南非的前瞻性队列研究报告治疗成功率低于 50%(即 治愈或完成)以及感染和未感染 HIV 患者的显着差异。 性别和性别以及年龄方面的差异很少被评估。 除了管理复杂性和治疗时间长短之外,系统层面的因素(例如获得护理和医疗保健能力)也会导致较差的治疗结果。 能够和临床上胜任应对综合耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒护理挑战的训练有素的医生数量不足是司空见惯的事。 这些情况给南非最丰富的医疗保健资源——护士带来了沉重的负担。 精通这两种疾病护理模式的护士对于改善治疗结果至关重要。 然而,研究人员的经验表明,由于缺乏培训以及缺乏基于证据的干预措施和划定的耐多药结核病患者护理模式,患者在几乎没有护理专业人员的评估、支持或指导的情况下忍受漫长的治疗。
护士个案管理 (NCM) 模型,其中注册护士促进和协调治疗计划,以确保及时提供基于证据的护理,从而改善治疗结果。 目前,几乎没有证据可以描述全球结核病/艾滋病毒合并感染患者的此类模型,尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒的证据较少。 然而,许多研究表明,使用护士病例管理器可显着改善疾病结果。 其中包括心力衰竭、糖尿病、艾滋病毒和药物易感结核病等复杂疾病。 然而,在研究人员对此类干预措施对合并感染患者的影响、此类模型对不同年龄组的影响或资源匮乏环境中的成本效益的理解方面,仍然存在很大差距。 先前的研究提供了强有力的证据,表明干预措施必须是多方面的,并促进系统层面的方法来改善治疗结果(即 NCM 以患者为中心的护理服务与系统级护理协调方法相结合)。 慢性病护理模型确定了卫生保健系统的基本要素,这些要素鼓励以这种系统方法提供高质量的慢性病护理。 这些要素为拟议的 NCM 和加强卫生系统(即 NCM-plus) 干预、多方面的卫生系统和以患者为中心的干预,以改善耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒的治疗结果。 拟议的为期 5 年的整群随机试验将评估 NCM-plus 干预对耐多药结核病治疗结果的影响,南非是耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒流行的中心。
主要目标:
确定 NCM 模型的影响(即 NCM-Plus)通过整群随机试验对南非合并感染和未感染 HIV 的患者的耐多药结核病结局的影响。
假设:
干预点的护士个案管理 (NCM) 将提高耐多药结核病的治愈率和完成率(即 治疗成功)与常规护理 (UC) 相比,即单独标准化的程序化管理,用于有和没有 HIV 合并感染的患者。
次要目标:
- 通过 a) HIV 合并感染进行亚组分析; b) 性和社会性别; c) 年龄
- 比较干预和控制地点之间药物不良事件识别的频率和时间。
- 对干预措施进行成本分析和成本效益评估。
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Durban、南非
- King George V Hospital
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Durban、南非
- Don McKenzie
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East London、南非
- Fort Gray Hospital
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Hibberdene、南非
- Dunstan Farrell Hospital
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Hlabisa、南非
- Hlabisa Hospital
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Manguzi、南非
- Manguzi
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Mdantsane、南非
- Nkqubela
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Newlands West、南非
- Fosa Hospital
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Pietermaritzburg、南非
- Doris Goodwin Hospital
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Port Alfred、南非
- Marjorie Parrish Hospital
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Port Elizabeth、南非
- Jose Pearson Hospital
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Port Shepstone、南非
- Murchison Hospital
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Umzimkulu、南非
- St Margaret's MDR-TB Hopsital
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Durban
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Westville、Durban、南非、3629
- Regus Primary Office
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KwaZulu-Natal
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aMatikulu、KwaZulu-Natal、南非
- Catherine Booth Hospital
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
中心(集群级别)
- 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省 (KZN) 或东开普省 (EC) 的耐多药结核病中心提供标准化服务
- 根据国家卫生部指南的耐多药结核病治疗方案
- 机构在研究开始时已提供至少 6 个月的耐多药结核病护理
- 可在设施内获得抗逆转录病毒治疗的耐多药结核病中心
- 设施参与研究的意愿
个人(患者级别)
- 18 岁及以上、经微生物学确诊的耐多药结核病患者,入院后在参与医院接受住院治疗,并在入院后 7 天内签署知情同意书。
- 13 - 17 岁的患者,经微生物学确诊为耐多药结核病,同意研究团队联系父母或法定监护人,且患者愿意且父母或法定监护人在入院后 7 天内同意参与研究。
排除标准(个体患者水平):
- 到耐多药结核病房就诊且入院前已开始耐多药结核病治疗的人员。
- 13岁以下的儿童;只有一个参与中心为 13 岁以下儿童设有耐多药结核病病房。
- 不能或不愿提供参与知情同意的人
- 任何参加另一项改变标准 MDR-TB 或 HIV 护理的临床试验的患者。
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:支持治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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有源比较器:NCM 加干预
研究人员在基于证据的指南和团队的试验发现的基础上,通过整合慢性病护理模型的领域,并更加关注与护理的联系,设计了 NCM-Plus 干预措施。
在 NCM 包中,研究人员提供了关于近端和远端结果变量的大量详细信息。
将聘用和培训护士个案管理人员,以改善耐多药结核病和艾滋病毒患者的疾病管理。
每个 NCM 将在随机接受干预的地点履行具体的可衡量责任。
NCM 与患者的互动将在耐多药结核病治疗住院或门诊设施中进行。
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NCM 将通过以下方式遵循慢性病护理模型的领域:
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无干预:标准/常规护理
常规护理被定义为没有护理协调的耐多药结核病/艾滋病毒的标准化规划管理。
护士作为团队的一部分存在,但没有特殊的协调作用,使得耐多药结核病医生独自负责治疗结果,几乎没有支持。
医生在强化阶段每周看望患者,患者接受基本的日常护理,而无需协调护理、药物不良反应 (ADR) 的主动监测或 HIV 护理整合。
这种护理在延续阶段过渡到每月与医生就诊,同样很少有护理人员参与护理协调。
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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经历成功治疗结果的患者比例
大体时间:24-36个月
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一般估计方程 (GEE) 回归分析
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24-36个月
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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基于 HIV 合并感染而获得成功治疗结果的患者比例
大体时间:24 至 36 个月
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使用二项式或基于泊松的 GEE 模型进行多元分析
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24 至 36 个月
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根据性别和性别经历成功治疗结果的患者比例
大体时间:24-36个月
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使用二项式或基于泊松的 GEE 模型进行多元分析
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24-36个月
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根据年龄获得成功治疗结果的患者比例
大体时间:24-36个月
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使用二项式或基于泊松的 GEE 模型进行多元分析
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24-36个月
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合作者和调查者
合作者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Jason E Farley, PhD, MPH, NP、Johns Hopkins University
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