自由与限制性红细胞输注策略在急性心肌梗死和贫血患者中的成本效益和成本效用。 (REALITY)
自由与限制性红细胞输注策略在急性心肌梗死和贫血患者中的成本效益和成本效用。 REALITY(急性心肌梗死患者的限制性和自由性输血策略)随机试验。
心肌梗死 (MI) 患者的贫血是一个相对常见的问题,导致较差的结果。 关于哪种输血策略最好,国际上已达成共识,迫切需要进行随机试验。
研究人员假设,对于 MI 贫血患者的 30 天结果,“限制性”输血策略至少不劣于“自由”输血策略。 考虑到输血的成本和风险,成本效益和成本效用分析成为确定每种策略作用的关键。
研究概览
详细说明
心肌梗死 (MI) 患者经常出现贫血。 用于 MI 治疗的抗血小板和抗凝剂会增加出血的风险,进而增加缺血和死亡的风险。 在这种情况下,贫血是心脏事件的独立预测因子。 在“FAST-MI 2010”全国登记处,入院时贫血(定义为 Hb <10g/dL)的患病率为 3%,并影响死亡率。 这种风险是否可以通过输血来克服存在争议。
理论上,输血应该增加向心肌的氧气输送。 然而,最近的数据表明,接受输血的患者的氧气输送没有增加,红细胞在储存过程中会迅速耗尽一氧化氮,相反,输血可能会增加血小板的活化和聚集,这些后果对患者来说可能更加有害患有心血管疾病。 在没有心血管疾病的内科和外科患者的一般人群中,自由输血与限制性输血策略的作用已经通过一系列随机试验进行了探讨,这些试验已达成共识,即在 7 至 8 g/ 的阈值之前停止输血达到 dl 血红蛋白。
然而,在心肌梗死患者中,贫血的有害后果和输血风险都可能更大,这导致在这种情况下自由输血与限制输血策略的作用存在挥之不去的不确定性。 临床数据是观察性的和矛盾的。 相反,一项大型荟萃分析(>200 000 名患者)报告说,接受输血的 MI 患者死亡率和复发性 MI 的风险更高。 最近,一项仔细的观察性研究表明,由于临床特征明显不同,大多数接受输血的患者无法与未输血患者相匹配,这表明观察性研究无法可靠地确定输血的益处或风险,因为它们无可救药。受选择偏差的影响。 这些结果强烈强调需要进行随机试验以确定输血在急性心肌梗死期间的作用,近年来该领域的几位思想领袖也呼吁进行随机试验。 两项小型随机试验(分别有 45 名和 110 名患者)比较了 MI 中的自由输血策略与限制输血策略,结果显示临床结果没有明显差异,但均不足。
关于这种情况下贫血管理的唯一指南来自欧洲心脏病学会 (ESC) 关于非 ST 段抬高 - 急性冠状动脉综合征 (NSTE-ACS) 的指南,该指南建议仅在血流动力学状态受损或血红蛋白水平 <7g/dL。 因此,临床实践存在很大差异。 因此,关于哪种输血策略最好是平衡的。
假设:
我们假设“限制性”输血策略(由 Hb <= 8 g/dL 触发)在临床上不劣于“自由”输血策略(由 Hb <= 10g/dL 触发)但成本更低。
主要目标:
该研究的主要目的是比较限制性(由 Hb <= 8 g/dL 触发)与自由(由 Hb <= 10g/dL 触发)红血输注策略对急性 MI 和贫血(7g /dL < Hb <= 10g / dL)。
次要目标:
- 关键的次要目标是在 30 天和 1 年时执行成本效用分析。
- 主要临床目标是确定限制性输血策略在 30 天的主要不良心脏事件 (MACE) 方面在临床上是否不劣于自由输血策略,MACE 定义为全因死亡、非致死性中风、非致死性复发性心肌梗死,以及由缺血引起的紧急血运重建。
2. 第三个目标是比较 1 年时的主要不良心脏事件 (MACE),因为输血策略对 MACE 的影响可能会延迟,或者相反,任何一种策略的初始益处都可能在第一年失去。
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
纳入标准:
- 年龄≥18岁
- 近期急性心肌梗死,伴或不伴 ST 段抬高,在 MI 相关入院前的过去 48 小时内出现缺血症状,以及心肌损伤生物标志物(肌钙蛋白)升高
- 贫血 Hb ≤ 10g/dL 但 Hb > 7 g/dL,在 MI 指数住院期间的任何时间测量。
- 书面知情同意书
- 医疗保险的覆盖范围。
排除标准:
- 休克(SBP < 90 mmHg 伴有输出量低的临床体征或需要正性肌力药物的患者)
- 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI) 或冠状动脉旁路移植术后 (CABG) 后发生的 MI(即 根据 2012 年 MI 通用定义的 IV 型或 V 型急性心梗
- 危及生命或持续大量出血(由研究者判断)
- 过去 30 天内是否输过血
- 任何已知的恶性血液病注意:镰状细胞病、地中海贫血和慢性肾功能衰竭(即使在 EPO 下)引起的贫血不是排除标准
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:支持治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
---|---|
实验性的:限制性输血策略
停止输血,除非 Hb <= 8 g/dL,目标 Hb 为 8 至 10 g /dL
|
除非 Hb 是
|
实验性的:自由输血策略
一旦 Hb <= 10 g/dL,目标为 11 g /dL,就可以输血。
|
一旦 Hb 就可以输血
|
研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
---|---|---|
30天的成本效益比
大体时间:30天
|
主要终点是 30 天的增量成本效益比 (ICER),使用复合终点(30 天全因死亡、非致命性中风、非致命性复发性 MI 和由缺血引起的紧急血运重建的复合终点)作为有效性标准
|
30天
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
---|---|---|
1年成本效益比
大体时间:1年
|
1 年的增量成本效益比 (ICER),使用复合终点(1 年全因死亡、非致命性中风、非致命性复发性 MI 和由缺血引起的紧急血运重建的复合终点)作为有效性标准
|
1年
|
30 天临床无劣势
大体时间:30天
|
主要临床终点是 30 天的主要不良心脏事件 (MACE),定义为 30 天的全因死亡、非致命性复发性 MI、非致命性卒中和由缺血引起的紧急血运重建的复合事件,(所有该复合临床结果的组成部分将作为其自身的次要终点单独分析)
|
30天
|
1 年时临床上无劣势
大体时间:1年
|
主要临床终点是 30 天的主要不良心脏事件 (MACE),定义为 30 天的全因死亡、非致命性复发性 MI、非致命性卒中和由缺血引起的紧急血运重建的复合事件,(所有该复合临床结果的组成部分将作为其自身的次要终点单独分析)
|
1年
|
合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Philippe-Gabriel STEG、Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Dennis JA, Trivella M, Roubinian N, Fergusson DA, Triulzi D, Doree C, Hebert PC. Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 21;12(12):CD002042. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002042.pub5.
- Mauskopf JA, Sullivan SD, Annemans L, Caro J, Mullins CD, Nuijten M, Orlewska E, Watkins J, Trueman P. Principles of good practice for budget impact analysis: report of the ISPOR Task Force on good research practices--budget impact analysis. Value Health. 2007 Sep-Oct;10(5):336-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00187.x.
- Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, Caso P, Dudek D, Gielen S, Huber K, Ohman M, Petrie MC, Sonntag F, Uva MS, Storey RF, Wijns W, Zahger D; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011 Dec;32(23):2999-3054. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr236. Epub 2011 Aug 26. No abstract available.
- Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, Gattinoni L, Thijs L, Webb A, Meier-Hellmann A, Nollet G, Peres-Bota D; ABC (Anemia and Blood Transfusion in Critical Care) Investigators. Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2002 Sep 25;288(12):1499-507. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.12.1499.
- Hanssen M, Cottin Y, Khalife K, Hammer L, Goldstein P, Puymirat E, Mulak G, Drouet E, Pace B, Schultz E, Bataille V, Ferrieres J, Simon T, Danchin N; FAST-MI 2010 Investigators. French Registry on Acute ST-elevation and non ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction 2010. FAST-MI 2010. Heart. 2012 May;98(9):699-705. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301700.
- Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, Tweeddale M, Schweitzer I, Yetisir E. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 11;340(6):409-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199902113400601. Erratum In: N Engl J Med 1999 Apr 1;340(13):1056.
- Vamvakas EC, Blajchman MA. Transfusion-related mortality: the ongoing risks of allogeneic blood transfusion and the available strategies for their prevention. Blood. 2009 Apr 9;113(15):3406-17. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-167643. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
- Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, Concepcion M, Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, Graupera I, Poca M, Alvarez-Urturi C, Gordillo J, Guarner-Argente C, Santalo M, Muniz E, Guarner C. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 3;368(1):11-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211801. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 13;368(24):2341.
- Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Writing Group on the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction; Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Jaffe AS, Katus HA, Apple FS, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Chaitman BA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasche P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2012 Oct;33(20):2551-67. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184. Epub 2012 Aug 24. No abstract available.
- Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Giugliano RP, Burton PB, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Gibson CM, Braunwald E. Association of hemoglobin levels with clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2005 Apr 26;111(16):2042-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000162477.70955.5F. Epub 2005 Apr 11.
- Silvain J, Pena A, Cayla G, Brieger D, Bellemain-Appaix A, Chastre T, Vignalou JB, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, Collet JP, Montalescot G. Impact of red blood cell transfusion on platelet activation and aggregation in healthy volunteers: results of the TRANSFUSION study. Eur Heart J. 2010 Nov;31(22):2816-21. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq209. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
- Silvain J, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Martin R, Finzi J, Vignalou JB, Barthelemy O, O'Connor SA, Luyt CE, Brechot N, Mercadier A, Brugier D, Galier S, Collet JP, Chastre J, Montalescot G. Impact of red blood cell transfusion on platelet aggregation and inflammatory response in anemic coronary and noncoronary patients: the TRANSFUSION-2 study (impact of transfusion of red blood cell on platelet activation and aggregation studied with flow cytometry use and light transmission aggregometry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Apr 8;63(13):1289-1296. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.029. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
- Yeh RW, Wimmer NJ. Blood transfusion in myocardial infarction: opening old wounds for comparative-effectiveness research. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Aug 26;64(8):820-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.041. No abstract available.
- Carson JL, Grossman BJ, Kleinman S, Tinmouth AT, Marques MB, Fung MK, Holcomb JB, Illoh O, Kaplan LJ, Katz LM, Rao SV, Roback JD, Shander A, Tobian AA, Weinstein R, Swinton McLaughlin LG, Djulbegovic B; Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee of the AABB. Red blood cell transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABB*. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Jul 3;157(1):49-58. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-157-1-201206190-00429.
- Carson JL, Carless PA, Hebert PC. Outcomes using lower vs higher hemoglobin thresholds for red blood cell transfusion. JAMA. 2013 Jan 2;309(1):83-4. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.50429.
- Wu WC, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 25;345(17):1230-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010615.
- Chatterjee S, Wetterslev J, Sharma A, Lichstein E, Mukherjee D. Association of blood transfusion with increased mortality in myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis and diversity-adjusted study sequential analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2013 Jan 28;173(2):132-9. doi: 10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.1001.
- Salisbury AC, Reid KJ, Marso SP, Amin AP, Alexander KP, Wang TY, Spertus JA, Kosiborod M. Blood transfusion during acute myocardial infarction: association with mortality and variability across hospitals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Aug 26;64(8):811-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.040.
- Rao SV, Sherwood MW. Isn't it about time we learned how to use blood transfusion in patients with ischemic heart disease? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Apr 8;63(13):1297-1299. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.028. Epub 2013 Dec 18. No abstract available.
- Cooper HA, Rao SV, Greenberg MD, Rumsey MP, McKenzie M, Alcorn KW, Panza JA. Conservative versus liberal red cell transfusion in acute myocardial infarction (the CRIT Randomized Pilot Study). Am J Cardiol. 2011 Oct 15;108(8):1108-11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.014. Epub 2011 Jul 24.
- Carson JL, Brooks MM, Abbott JD, Chaitman B, Kelsey SF, Triulzi DJ, Srinivas V, Menegus MA, Marroquin OC, Rao SV, Noveck H, Passano E, Hardison RM, Smitherman T, Vagaonescu T, Wimmer NJ, Williams DO. Liberal versus restrictive transfusion thresholds for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2013 Jun;165(6):964-971.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
- Hebert PC, Yetisir E, Martin C, Blajchman MA, Wells G, Marshall J, Tweeddale M, Pagliarello G, Schweitzer I; Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Is a low transfusion threshold safe in critically ill patients with cardiovascular diseases? Crit Care Med. 2001 Feb;29(2):227-34. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200102000-00001.
- Sherwood MW, Rao SV. Acute coronary syndromes: Blood transfusion in patients with acute MI and anaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013 Apr;10(4):186-7. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2013.14. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
- Perkins HA, Busch MP. Transfusion-associated infections: 50 years of relentless challenges and remarkable progress. Transfusion. 2010 Oct;50(10):2080-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02851.x. No abstract available.
- Williamson LM, Devine DV. Challenges in the management of the blood supply. Lancet. 2013 May 25;381(9880):1866-75. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60631-5.
- Bernard AC, Davenport DL, Chang PK, Vaughan TB, Zwischenberger JB. Intraoperative transfusion of 1 U to 2 U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2009 May;208(5):931-7, 937.e1-2; discussion 938-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.11.019. Epub 2009 Mar 26.
- Frank SM, Abazyan B, Ono M, Hogue CW, Cohen DB, Berkowitz DE, Ness PM, Barodka VM. Decreased erythrocyte deformability after transfusion and the effects of erythrocyte storage duration. Anesth Analg. 2013 May;116(5):975-981. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828843e6. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
- Murray CJ, Richards MA, Newton JN, Fenton KA, Anderson HR, Atkinson C, Bennett D, Bernabe E, Blencowe H, Bourne R, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bruce NG, Brugha TS, Burney P, Dherani M, Dolk H, Edmond K, Ezzati M, Flaxman AD, Fleming TD, Freedman G, Gunnell D, Hay RJ, Hutchings SJ, Ohno SL, Lozano R, Lyons RA, Marcenes W, Naghavi M, Newton CR, Pearce N, Pope D, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Shibuya K, Vos T, Wang H, Williams HC, Woolf AD, Lopez AD, Davis A. UK health performance: findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):997-1020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60355-4. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
- Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, Carswell C, Moher D, Greenberg D, Augustovski F, Briggs AH, Mauskopf J, Loder E; CHEERS Task Force. Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. BMJ. 2013 Mar 25;346:f1049. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1049.
- Briggs AH, O'Brien BJ. The death of cost-minimization analysis? Health Econ. 2001 Mar;10(2):179-84. doi: 10.1002/hec.584.
- Kaiser C, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Buser PT, Bonetti PO, Osswald S, Linka A, Bernheim A, Zutter A, Zellweger M, Grize L, Pfisterer ME; BASKET Investigators. Incremental cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents compared with a third-generation bare-metal stent in a real-world setting: randomised Basel Stent Kosten Effektivitats Trial (BASKET). Lancet. 2005 Sep 10-16;366(9489):921-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67221-2. Erratum In: Lancet. 2005 Dec 17;366(9503):2086.
- Caruba T, Katsahian S, Schramm C, Charles Nelson A, Durieux P, Begue D, Juilliere Y, Dubourg O, Danchin N, Sabatier B. Treatment for stable coronary artery disease: a network meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness studies. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 4;9(6):e98371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098371. eCollection 2014.
- Greiner W, Weijnen T, Nieuwenhuizen M, Oppe S, Badia X, Busschbach J, Buxton M, Dolan P, Kind P, Krabbe P, Ohinmaa A, Parkin D, Roset M, Sintonen H, Tsuchiya A, de Charro F. A single European currency for EQ-5D health states. Results from a six-country study. Eur J Health Econ. 2003 Sep;4(3):222-31. doi: 10.1007/s10198-003-0182-5.
- Fearon WF, Shilane D, Pijls NH, Boothroyd DB, Tonino PA, Barbato E, Juni P, De Bruyne B, Hlatky MA; Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation 2 (FAME 2) Investigators. Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease and abnormal fractional flow reserve. Circulation. 2013 Sep 17;128(12):1335-40. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003059. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
- Wijeysundera HC, Tomlinson G, Ko DT, Dzavik V, Krahn MD. Medical therapy v. PCI in stable coronary artery disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Med Decis Making. 2013 Oct;33(7):891-905. doi: 10.1177/0272989X13497262. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
- Magnuson EA, Farkouh ME, Fuster V, Wang K, Vilain K, Li H, Appelwick J, Muratov V, Sleeper LA, Boineau R, Abdallah M, Cohen DJ; FREEDOM Trial Investigators. Cost-effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stents versus bypass surgery for patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease: results from the FREEDOM trial. Circulation. 2013 Feb 19;127(7):820-31. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.147488. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
- Raikou M, Briggs A, Gray A, McGuire A. Centre-specific or average unit costs in multi-centre studies? Some theory and simulation. Health Econ. 2000 Apr;9(3):191-8. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(200004)9:33.0.co;2-1.
- Hollingworth W, McKell-Redwood D, Hampson L, Metcalfe C. Cost-utility analysis conducted alongside randomized controlled trials: are economic end points considered in sample size calculations and does it matter? Clin Trials. 2013 Feb;10(1):43-53. doi: 10.1177/1740774512465358. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
- Robinson SD, Janssen C, Fretz EB, Berry B, Chase AJ, Siega AD, Carere RG, Fung A, Simkus G, Klinke WP, Hilton JD. Red blood cell storage duration and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J. 2010 May;159(5):876-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.018.
- Ducrocq G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Puymirat E, Lemesle G, Cachanado M, Durand-Zaleski I, Arnaiz JA, Martinez-Selles M, Silvain J, Ariza-Sole A, Ferrari E, Calvo G, Danchin N, Avendano-Sola C, Frenkiel J, Rousseau A, Vicaut E, Simon T, Steg PG; REALITY Investigators. Effect of a Restrictive vs Liberal Blood Transfusion Strategy on Major Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anemia: The REALITY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Feb 9;325(6):552-560. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0135.
- Ducrocq G, Calvo G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Durand-Zaleski I, Avendano-Sola C, Puymirat E, Lemesle G, Arnaiz JA, Martinez-Selles M, Rousseau A, Cachanado M, Vicaut E, Silvain J, Karam C, Danchin N, Simon T, Steg PG; REALITY investigators. Restrictive vs liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia: Rationale and design of the REALITY trial. Clin Cardiol. 2021 Feb;44(2):143-150. doi: 10.1002/clc.23453. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
- Durand-Zaleski I, Ducrocq G, Mimouni M, Frenkiel J, Avendano-Sola C, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Ferrari E, Lemesle G, Puymirat E, Berard L, Cachanado M, Arnaiz JA, Martinez-Selles M, Silvain J, Ariza-Sole A, Calvo G, Danchin N, Paco S, Drouet E, Abergel H, Rousseau A, Simon T, Steg PG; REALITY investigators. Economic evaluation of Restrictive Vs. Liberal Transfusion Strategy Following Acute Myocardial Infarction (REALITY): trial-based cost effectiveness and cost utility analyses. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2022 May 24:qcac029. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac029. Online ahead of print.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (实际的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (估计)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索,没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求,请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改,我们的网站上也会自动更新.