用于减少持久性有机污染物 (NO-POPs) 试验的坚果和 Olestra (NO-POPs)
用于减少持久性有机污染物 (NO-POPs) 试验的坚果和 Olestra:试点调查
研究概览
详细说明
持久性有机污染物 (POP) 主要是半衰期很长的脂溶性卤化化学品。 POPs 是内分泌干扰物,在对儿童和成人(包括老年人)的研究中,它与糖尿病风险增加、甲状腺功能改变、高血压、血脂异常和神经行为改变有关。 一些最普遍的持久性有机污染物包括有机氯杀虫剂、多氯联苯 (PCB) 和多溴联苯醚 (PBDE)。
由于其亲脂性,大多数持久性有机污染物会随胆汁排泄。 然而,有相当一部分在小肠中被重吸收并返回到血流中(肠肝循环)。 两项小型临床试验发现,胆汁酸螯合剂(考来烯胺、消胆胺)在治疗 2-3 天后增强有机氯的粪便排泄,并在 6 个月时显着降低其血液浓度。 一项试验性试验报告称,与标准薯片相比,使用由 olestra(一种不可吸收的合成脂肪)制成的脱脂薯片治疗一年后,成人血液中的 PCB 浓度有所降低。 持久性有机污染物被认为与 olestra 结合并随粪便排出体外。 需要复制这一发现。 坚果,可以产生类似的效果。 坚果是脂肪含量高的食物,在肠道中吸收不完全(21-24% 的卡路里未被吸收)。
随着人们年龄的增长,持久性有机污染物的身体负担增加。 在美国成年人中几乎无处不在的内分泌干扰性持久性有机污染物是一个重大的公共卫生问题,特别是因为没有确定的治疗方法来降低体内持久性有机污染物的浓度。 由于饮食干预成本低且用途广泛,因此饮食干预有可能在减少人口水平的持久性有机污染物方面发挥重要作用。
研究人员的目标是在治疗前和治疗期间测量血液(所有参与者)和粪便样本(每个治疗组仅 10 名参与者的子集)中的 24 种持久性有机污染物(9 种 OC 杀虫剂、10 种 PCB、5 种 PBDE)。 该试点研究的具体目标是:
- 评估招募策略的有效性、治疗组的接受度和依从性,并确定进行更大规模试验的可行性。
- 对假设进行初步测试: 食用 olestra(无脂品客薯片):A) 增加持久性有机污染物的粪便含量(排泄),和 B) 与对照组(标准薯片)相比,降低持久性有机污染物的血液水平。
- 对假设进行初步检验:与对照组(标准薯片)相比,食用坚果:A) 增加了 POP 的粪便含量(排泄),B) 降低了 POP 的血液水平。
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
-
-
California
-
La Jolla、California、美国、92093
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center
-
-
参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
纳入标准:
- 居住在圣地亚哥地区
- BMI ≥18.0 kg/m2且≤30 kg/m2
- 非吸烟者
- 愿意并能够按规定的时间间隔参加门诊就诊、双月补给、电话和互联网沟通
- 能够通过问卷和电话提供数据
- 愿意与研究者保持联系 6 个月
- 愿意接受采血
- 愿意提供粪便样本
- 没有已知的树坚果过敏
- olestra、薯片或坚果没有消化问题
排除标准:
- 坚果过敏
- 吸烟者
- 糖尿病、肾病或肝病
- 并发的急性或慢性胃肠道疾病(例如 炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、任何原因引起的并发腹泻)
- 家族性高胆固醇血症
- 凝血问题或使用 Coumadin,
- 由于严重残疾而无法参加体育活动
- 饮食调整可能禁忌的合并症的病史或存在
- 自我报告怀孕或母乳喂养或计划在明年内怀孕
- 目前积极参与另一项饮食干预研究或减肥计划
- 严重精神障碍的病史或存在,或研究者判断会干扰参与试验的任何其他情况
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
|
有源比较器:整个坚果
注册营养师将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象将食用整颗杏仁和核桃片的组合,每天总计 110 克。
参与者将领取用品并在六个月内每月称重 1-2 次。
参与者还将使用自动化系统记录他们的摄入量。
在研究期间,将向参与者提供核桃和杏仁。
|
将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
除了食用坚果外,规定饮食的其余成分将根据个人喜好而定。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象将每 2-3 周与研究人员会面一次,以称重、获取食物供应并完成依从性调查问卷。
所有参与者将至少每 1-2 周与项目协调员/研究营养师进行面对面、电话、电子邮件和短信联系,以获得支持、行为指导和策略。
核桃和杏仁都将提供给整个坚果研究组的参与者。
|
|
实验性的:Olestra:无脂肪品客薯片
注册营养师将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象每天将食用 29 片薯片,即大约 18 g olestra/day。
参与者将领取用品并在六个月内每月称重 1-2 次。
参与者还将使用自动化系统记录他们的摄入量。
在研究期间,将向参与者提供不含脂肪的品客薯片。
|
将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
除了食用脱脂薯片外,规定饮食的其余成分将根据个人喜好而定。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象将每 2-3 周与研究人员会面一次,以称重、获取食物供应并完成依从性调查问卷。
所有参与者将至少每 1-2 周与项目协调员/研究营养师进行面对面、电话、电子邮件和短信联系,以获得支持、行为指导和策略。
将向 olestra 研究组的参与者提供无脂品客薯片。
|
|
安慰剂比较:植物油:原始品客薯片
注册营养师将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象每天将食用 29 个薯片,即约 17.4 克油/天。
参与者将领取用品并在六个月内每月称重 1-2 次。
参与者还将使用自动化系统记录他们的摄入量。
在研究期间,将向参与者提供原始品客薯片。
|
将建议参与者保持等热量饮食。
除了食用薯片外,规定饮食的其余成分将根据个人喜好而定。
在为期 6 个月的干预期间,研究对象将每 2-3 周与研究人员会面一次,以称重、获取食物供应并完成依从性调查问卷。
所有参与者将至少每 1-2 周与项目协调员/研究营养师进行面对面、电话、电子邮件和短信联系,以获得支持、行为指导和策略。
原始品客薯片将提供给植物油研究组的参与者。
|
研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|
|
与富含植物油的饮食(原始品客薯片)相比,在 6 个月的时间里,血液中持久性有机污染物 (POPS) 水平的变化因被分配了富含 olestra 的饮食(无脂品客薯片)而发生变化
大体时间:6个月
|
6个月
|
|
在 6 个月的时间里,与富含植物油的饮食(原始品客薯片)相比,富含 olestra 的饮食(无脂品客薯片)对持久性有机污染物(POPS)粪便排泄的变化
大体时间:6个月
|
6个月
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|
|
在 6 个月的时间里,与富含植物油(原品客薯片)的饮食相比,富含坚果的饮食对持久性有机污染物 (POPS) 血液水平的影响
大体时间:6个月
|
6个月
|
|
在 6 个月的时间里,与富含植物油(原品客薯片)的饮食相比,富含坚果的饮食对持久性有机污染物 (POPS) 粪便排泄的影响
大体时间:6个月
|
6个月
|
其他结果措施
结果测量 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|
|
作为探索性目标,在 6 个月的时间里,血脂因被分配富含油脂的饮食(无脂品客薯片)、富含植物油的饮食(原始品客薯片)或富含坚果的饮食而发生变化。
大体时间:6个月
|
6个月
|
合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Jose R Suarez, MPH, MD, PhD、University of California, San Diego
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Novotny JA, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ. Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Aug;96(2):296-301. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.035782. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
- Vickers AJ, Altman DG. Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. BMJ. 2001 Nov 10;323(7321):1123-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123. No abstract available.
- Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502. No abstract available.
- Contreras Lopez MC. Determination of potentially bioaccumulating complex mixtures of organochlorine compounds in wastewater: a review. Environ Int. 2003 Mar;28(8):751-9. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00120-4.
- Hinck JE, Norstrom RJ, Orazio CE, Schmitt CJ, Tillitt DE. Persistence of organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Tombigbee River (Alabama, USA): Continuing risk to wildlife from a former DDT manufacturing facility. Environ Pollut. 2009 Feb;157(2):582-91. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.021. Epub 2008 Oct 11.
- Dougherty CP, Henricks Holtz S, Reinert JC, Panyacosit L, Axelrad DA, Woodruff TJ. Dietary exposures to food contaminants across the United States. Environ Res. 2000 Oct;84(2):170-85. doi: 10.1006/enrs.2000.4027.
- Schafer KS, Kegley SE. Persistent toxic chemicals in the US food supply. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Nov;56(11):813-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.56.11.813.
- Schecter A, Colacino J, Haffner D, Patel K, Opel M, Papke O, Birnbaum L. Perfluorinated compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticide contamination in composite food samples from Dallas, Texas, USA. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jun;118(6):796-802. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901347. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
- Schecter A, Haffner D, Colacino J, Patel K, Papke O, Opel M, Birnbaum L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclodecane (HBCD) in composite U.S. food samples. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Mar;118(3):357-62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901345. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
- Lee DH, Steffes MW, Sjodin A, Jones RS, Needham LL, Jacobs DR Jr. Low dose of some persistent organic pollutants predicts type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Sep;118(9):1235-42. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901480. Epub 2010 May 5.
- Lee DH, Lee IK, Jin SH, Steffes M, Jacobs DR Jr. Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and insulin resistance among nondiabetic adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care. 2007 Mar;30(3):622-8. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2190.
- Patterson DG Jr, Wong LY, Turner WE, Caudill SP, Dipietro ES, McClure PC, Cash TP, Osterloh JD, Pirkle JL, Sampson EJ, Needham LL. Levels in the U.S. population of those persistent organic pollutants (2003-2004) included in the Stockholm Convention or in other long range transboundary air pollution agreements. Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Feb 15;43(4):1211-8. doi: 10.1021/es801966w.
- Smith D. Worldwide trends in DDT levels in human breast milk. Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr;28(2):179-88. doi: 10.1093/ije/28.2.179.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf.
- Eskenazi B, Chevrier J, Rauch SA, Kogut K, Harley KG, Johnson C, Trujillo C, Sjodin A, Bradman A. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Feb;121(2):257-62. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205597. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
- Hsu MS, Hsu KY, Wang SM, Chou U, Chen SY, Huang NC, Liao CY, Yu TP, Ling YC. A total diet study to estimate PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs intake from food in Taiwan. Chemosphere. 2007 Apr;67(9):S65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.116. Epub 2007 Jan 9.
- Tsutsumi T, Yanagi T, Nakamura M, Kono Y, Uchibe H, Iida T, Hori T, Nakagawa R, Tobiishi K, Matsuda R, Sasaki K, Toyoda M. Update of daily intake of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs from food in Japan. Chemosphere. 2001 Dec;45(8):1129-37. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00151-5.
- Li J, Zhang L, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou P, Wen S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Li X. A national survey of polychlorinated dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in human milk in China. Chemosphere. 2009 May;75(9):1236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.073. Epub 2009 Feb 28.
- Polder A, Thomsen C, Lindstrom G, Loken KB, Skaare JU. Levels and temporal trends of chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants in individual human breast milk samples from Northern and Southern Norway. Chemosphere. 2008 Aug;73(1):14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jul 23.
- Elobeid MA, Padilla MA, Brock DW, Ruden DM, Allison DB. Endocrine disruptors and obesity: an examination of selected persistent organic pollutants in the NHANES 1999-2002 data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Jul;7(7):2988-3005. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7072988. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
- Magliano DJ, Loh VHY, Harding JL, Botton J, Shaw JE. Persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Diabetes Metab. 2014 Feb;40(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2013.09.006. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
- Ibrahim MM, Fjaere E, Lock EJ, Naville D, Amlund H, Meugnier E, Le Magueresse Battistoni B, Froyland L, Madsen L, Jessen N, Lund S, Vidal H, Ruzzin J. Chronic consumption of farmed salmon containing persistent organic pollutants causes insulin resistance and obesity in mice. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25170. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025170. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
- Ibrahim MM, Fjaere E, Lock EJ, Froyland L, Jessen N, Lund S, Vidal H, Ruzzin J. Metabolic impacts of high dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants in mice. Toxicol Lett. 2012 Nov 23;215(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.022. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
- Remillard RB, Bunce NJ. Linking dioxins to diabetes: epidemiology and biologic plausibility. Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Sep;110(9):853-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.02110853.
- Lee DH, Steffes MW, Sjodin A, Jones RS, Needham LL, Jacobs DR Jr. Low dose organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls predict obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance among people free of diabetes. PLoS One. 2011 Jan 26;6(1):e15977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015977.
- Tang M, Chen K, Yang F, Liu W. Exposure to organochlorine pollutants and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 15;9(10):e85556. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085556. eCollection 2014.
- Bloom MS, Jansing RL, Kannan K, Rej R, Fitzgerald EF. Thyroid hormones are associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants in aging residents of upper Hudson River communities. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Apr-May;217(4-5):473-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
- Ribas-Fito N, Cardo E, Sala M, Eulalia de Muga M, Mazon C, Verdu A, Kogevinas M, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J. Breastfeeding, exposure to organochlorine compounds, and neurodevelopment in infants. Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 1):e580-5. doi: 10.1542/peds.111.5.e580.
- Ribas-Fito N, Torrent M, Carrizo D, Munoz-Ortiz L, Julvez J, Grimalt JO, Sunyer J. In utero exposure to background concentrations of DDT and cognitive functioning among preschoolers. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Nov 15;164(10):955-62. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj299. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
- Sagiv SK, Thurston SW, Bellinger DC, Tolbert PE, Altshul LM, Korrick SA. Prenatal organochlorine exposure and behaviors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Mar 1;171(5):593-601. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp427. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
- Torres-Sanchez L, Schnaas L, Rothenberg SJ, Cebrian ME, Osorio-Valencia E, Hernandez Mdel C, Garcia-Hernandez RM, Lopez-Carrillo L. Prenatal p,p -DDE exposure and neurodevelopment among children 3.5-5 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Feb;121(2):263-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205034. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
- Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Fenster L, Johnson C, Barr DB, Jewell NP. In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment among young Mexican American children. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):233-41. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-3117.
- Huang X, Lessner L, Carpenter DO. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants and hypertensive disease. Environ Res. 2006 Sep;102(1):101-6. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.011. Epub 2006 Feb 3.
- Sergeev AV, Carpenter DO. Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants Increases Hospitalization Rates for Myocardial Infarction with Comorbid Hypertension. Prim Prev Insights. 2010 Mar 23;2:1-9. doi: 10.4137/PPRI.S4332.
- Lind L, Lind PM. Can persistent organic pollutants and plastic-associated chemicals cause cardiovascular disease? J Intern Med. 2012 Jun;271(6):537-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02536.x. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
- Lind PM, Penell J, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L. Circulating levels of p,p'-DDE are related to prevalent hypertension in the elderly. Environ Res. 2014 Feb;129:27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
- Suarez-Lopez JR, Lee DH, Porta M, Steffes MW, Jacobs DR Jr. Persistent organic pollutants in young adults and changes in glucose related metabolism over a 23-year follow-up. Environ Res. 2015 Feb;137:485-94. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.001. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
- Schlummer M, Moser GA, McLachlan MS. Digestive tract absorption of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and HCB in humans: mass balances and mechanistic considerations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;152(1):128-37. doi: 10.1006/taap.1998.8487.
- Cohn WJ, Boylan JJ, Blanke RV, Fariss MW, Howell JR, Guzelian PS. Treatment of chlordecone (Kepone) toxicity with cholestyramine. Results of a controlled clinical trial. N Engl J Med. 1978 Feb 2;298(5):243-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197802022980504.
- Zeng E, ed. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate and Biological Effects. Elsevier Science; 2015. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?id=YCAtBAAAQBAJ&pgis=1.
- Schecter A. Dioxins and Health Including Other Persistent Organic Pollutants and Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons; 2012. Available at: https://books.google.com/books?id=4GI2sedIls4C&pgis=1
- Mochida Y, Fukata H, Matsuno Y, Mori C. Reduction of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human body. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2007 Apr;98(4):106-13.
- Iida T, Nakagawa R, Hirakawa H, Matsueda T, Morita K, Hamamura K, Nakayama J, Hori Y, Guo YL, Chang FM, et al. Clinical trial of a combination of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine for promotion of fecal excretion of retained polychlorinated dibenzofuran and polychlorinated biphenyl in Yu-Cheng patients. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 1995 May;86(5):226-33.
- Jandacek RJ, Heubi JE, Buckley DD, Khoury JC, Turner WE, Sjodin A, Olson JR, Shelton C, Helms K, Bailey TD, Carter S, Tso P, Pavuk M. Reduction of the body burden of PCBs and DDE by dietary intervention in a randomized trial. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Apr;25(4):483-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
- Salas-Salvado J, Bullo M, Perez-Heras A, Ros E. Dietary fibre, nuts and cardiovascular diseases. Br J Nutr. 2006 Nov;96 Suppl 2:S46-51. doi: 10.1017/bjn20061863. Erratum In: Br J Nutr. 2008 Feb;99(2):447-8.
- Ellis PR, Kendall CW, Ren Y, Parker C, Pacy JF, Waldron KW, Jenkins DJ. Role of cell walls in the bioaccessibility of lipids in almond seeds. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):604-13. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.604.
- Cassady BA, Hollis JH, Fulford AD, Considine RV, Mattes RD. Mastication of almonds: effects of lipid bioaccessibility, appetite, and hormone response. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;89(3):794-800. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26669. Epub 2009 Jan 14.
- Vinson JA, Cai Y. Nuts, especially walnuts, have both antioxidant quantity and efficacy and exhibit significant potential health benefits. Food Funct. 2012 Feb;3(2):134-40. doi: 10.1039/c2fo10152a. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
- Hennig B, Ormsbee L, McClain CJ, Watkins BA, Blumberg B, Bachas LG, Sanderson W, Thompson C, Suk WA. Nutrition can modulate the toxicity of environmental pollutants: implications in risk assessment and human health. Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jun;120(6):771-4. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104712. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
- Lee DH, Porta M, Jacobs DR Jr, Vandenberg LN. Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 2014 Aug;35(4):557-601. doi: 10.1210/er.2013-1084. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
- Lee DH, Lee IK, Song K, Steffes M, Toscano W, Baker BA, Jacobs DR Jr. A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: results from the National Health and Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jul;29(7):1638-44. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0543.
- Lee DH, Lind PM, Jacobs DR Jr, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in plasma predict development of type 2 diabetes in the elderly: the prospective investigation of the vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Diabetes Care. 2011 Aug;34(8):1778-84. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2116. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
- Zota AR, Park JS, Wang Y, Petreas M, Zoeller RT, Woodruff TJ. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and measures of thyroid function in second trimester pregnant women in California. Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 15;45(18):7896-905. doi: 10.1021/es200422b. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncture: Approved Standard. Sixth. (Ernst D, ed.). Wayne, Pa.: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2007.
- Hoh E, Lehotay SJ, Mastovska K, Ngo HL, Vetter W, Pangallo KC, Reddy CM. Capabilities of direct sample introduction--comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography--time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze organic chemicals of interest in fish oils. Environ Sci Technol. 2009 May 1;43(9):3240-7. doi: 10.1021/es803486x.
- Hoh E, Dodder NG, Lehotay SJ, Pangallo KC, Reddy CM, Maruya KA. Nontargeted comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and software for inventorying persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants in marine environments. Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Aug 7;46(15):8001-8. doi: 10.1021/es301139q. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
- Hoh E, Lehotay SJ, Pangallo KC, Mastovska K, Ngo HL, Reddy CM, Vetter W. Simultaneous quantitation of multiple classes of organohalogen compounds in fish oils with direct sample introduction comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Apr 8;57(7):2653-60. doi: 10.1021/jf900462p.
- Mattes RD, Kris-Etherton PM, Foster GD. Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults. J Nutr. 2008 Sep;138(9):1741S-1745S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.9.1741S.
- Baer DJ, Gebauer SK, Novotny JA. Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors. J Nutr. 2016 Jan;146(1):9-13. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.217372. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
初级完成 (实际的)
研究完成 (实际的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (估计)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索,没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求,请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改,我们的网站上也会自动更新.