远程医疗改善了癌症疼痛门诊随访中与疼痛相关的障碍

有源比较器：亲自

在 OPD 面对面

其他：亲自

亲自

实验性的：远程医疗

其他：远程医疗

远程医疗

疼痛干扰

疼痛干扰将使用 0-70 的简短疼痛量表在现场组和远程医疗组之间进行评估和比较。

生活质量 (QoL)

将使用 EuroQoL 5D5L 在现场组和远程医疗组之间评估和比较生活质量。

Pain intensity

The pain intensity from BPI (Brief Pain Inventory), including worst, least, average, and current pain reduction, will be assessed and compared using the numerical rating (NRS) from 0-10; 0 designating "no pain" and 10 designating " worst possible pain" scale between the in-person group and the telemedicine group.

Economic study

We conducted an economic study evaluation from the patient and caregiver perspective. Costs analyzed included direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs (such as transportation and food), and indirect costs (total productivity loss). We calculated the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) to determine the economic value of telemedicine relative to in-person care. The ICER was defined as the incremental difference in total direct costs divided by the incremental difference in clinical effectiveness across multiple outcomes, including EQ-5D-5L utility, EQ-VAS, PPS, total BPI reduction, and avoided increases in MEDD. The results were further visualized on a cost-effectiveness plane.

Functional status

Functional status evaluated using Palliative Performance Status Score

Opioid consumption

Opioid consumption is recorded using the Morphine Equivalent Daily Dosage

Medication adverse effects

Medication adverse effects such as sedation, constipation and nausea and vomiting were evaluated using the sedation score, Rome IV, and 4 point scale of nausea and vomiting.